Enhancement: Alert - provide various placement options

[hccampos]

Description

We would like to be able to place alerts in different locations.

Acceptance Criteria

• <calcite-alert> should have a property/attribute to specify its placement.
• Valid options could be similar to what we have to tooltips.

Relevant Info

Which Component

<calcite-alert>

Example Use Case

• An app with a sidebar on the left side would like to place the alerts on the bottom-right corner.
• An app with a bottom drawer would like to display the alerts on the top of the screen.

_SVCH

[macandcheese]

I think this is reasonable.

I wonder if a slot within the shell makes sense for this, so the positioning could be controlled absolutely. Currently, it's a fixed position item which prevents the alert from staying affixed to a shell that is not full-screen (which, may be good in some cases, and not in others, so some affordance to choose this?)

I feel like we'd probably want to limit the options to top center/start/end, bottom center/start/end.

Another thing to consider would be what happens on mobile - currently we constrain max width and start / end positioned alerts at small scale may just need to become full-width.

[macandcheese]

Here's an initial comp with the proposed locations - would this be acceptable @hccampos?

Some thoughts while working on these:
At a smaller screen size, these would likely all appear in the same space (top or bottom)

I wonder if alerts placed "top" would benefit from having their accent border flipped (as well as animations flipping).

This likely has implications with #2835 - to visually change the direction of the stack, and ui around multiple).

[macandcheese]

I mentioned #2835 above - while this issue may inform that one, this one can proceed - that's not a blocker and this is a reasonably simple add.

[github-actions]

Installed and assigned for verification.

[benelan]

verified on beta.74 in the doc sample https://developers.arcgis.com/calcite-design-system/components/alert/#sample