Loops_Functions.ipynb

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        "<a href=\"https://colab.research.google.com/github/JebaMercy14/AI-Spartificial-Course/blob/main/Loops_Functions.ipynb\" target=\"_parent\"><img src=\"https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg\" alt=\"Open In Colab\"/></a>"
      ]
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    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "### Control Flow in Python"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "kp5oy1deQExi"
      }
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "for index in range(5):\n",
        "    print(index)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "nC4UZIJQTp4Q",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "outputId": "bea8684c-9752-4f43-acf2-4d2b78f02b3d"
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          "name": "stdout",
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            "0\n",
            "1\n",
            "2\n",
            "3\n",
            "4\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "# range(start, stop, step)\n",
        "\n",
        "for index in range(0, 11, 2):\n",
        "    print(index)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
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        },
        "id": "fLPBdNcETzlL",
        "outputId": "d94253b2-67f1-4ae6-e84c-897b3e836ca8"
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            "0\n",
            "2\n",
            "4\n",
            "6\n",
            "8\n",
            "10\n"
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      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "1. Use the if statement when you want to run a code block based on a condition.\n",
        "2. Use the if...else statement when you want to run another code block if the   condition is not True.\n",
        "3. Use the if...elif...else statement when you want to check multiple conditions and run the corresponding code block that follows the condition that evaluates to True."
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "XDp7cv3sTVsh"
      }
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "# break: used to terminate a for loop or a while loop prematurely.\n",
        "\n",
        "for index in range(0, 10):\n",
        "    print(index)\n",
        "    if index == 3:\n",
        "        break"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "j5hi3s_OUI3Y",
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            "0\n",
            "1\n",
            "2\n",
            "3\n"
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    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "# when used in a nested loop, break terminates the innermost loop\n",
        "for x in range(5):\n",
        "    for y in range(5):\n",
        "        # terminates the innermost loop\n",
        "        if y > 1:  \n",
        "            break\n",
        "        # shows coordinates on the screen\n",
        "        print(f\"({x},{y})\")"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "WPaWATuuUM3Q",
        "outputId": "b4527139-1003-4c74-9d05-68b472c4b5eb"
      },
      "execution_count": 4,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "(0,0)\n",
            "(0,1)\n",
            "(1,0)\n",
            "(1,1)\n",
            "(2,0)\n",
            "(2,1)\n",
            "(3,0)\n",
            "(3,1)\n",
            "(4,0)\n",
            "(4,1)\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "# using break inside while\n",
        "\n",
        "print('-- Help: type quit to exit --')\n",
        "while True:\n",
        "    color = input('Enter your favorite color:')\n",
        "    if color.lower() == 'quit':\n",
        "        break"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "1xbKRUZvVfup",
        "outputId": "0a726249-3046-471d-c764-fe2c9c542e6a"
      },
      "execution_count": 5,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "name": "stdout",
          "output_type": "stream",
          "text": [
            "-- Help: type quit to exit --\n",
            "Enter your favorite color:Blue\n",
            "Enter your favorite color:pink\n",
            "Enter your favorite color:quit\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "# The continue statement skips the current iteration and starts the next one.\n",
        "\n",
        "for index in range(10):\n",
        "    if index % 2:\n",
        "        continue\n",
        "    print(index)"
      ],
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          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "46JcWL8iWCXQ",
        "outputId": "b95d56c1-ef32-49b0-d9ea-30fc8da7d49d"
      },
      "execution_count": 6,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "0\n",
            "2\n",
            "4\n",
            "6\n",
            "8\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "# continue inside while\n",
        "\n",
        "index = 0\n",
        "while index < 10:\n",
        "    index += 1\n",
        "\n",
        "    if not index % 2:\n",
        "        continue\n",
        "\n",
        "    print(index)"
      ],
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            "1\n",
            "3\n",
            "5\n",
            "7\n",
            "9\n"
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    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "# The pass statement is a statement that does nothing. \n",
        "# It’s just a placeholder for the code that you’ll write in the future.\n",
        "\n",
        "if index < 80:\n",
        "    pass\n",
        "\n",
        "for i in range(1,100):\n",
        "    pass\n",
        "\n",
        "while index < 100:\n",
        "    pass\n",
        "\n",
        "def fn():\n",
        "    pass"
      ],
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            "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
            "\u001b[0;31mKeyboardInterrupt\u001b[0m                         Traceback (most recent call last)",
            "\u001b[0;32m<ipython-input-8-afced5328008>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m      8\u001b[0m     \u001b[0;32mpass\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m      9\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m---> 10\u001b[0;31m \u001b[0;32mwhile\u001b[0m \u001b[0mindex\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m<\u001b[0m \u001b[0;36m100\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m     11\u001b[0m     \u001b[0;32mpass\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m     12\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
            "\u001b[0;31mKeyboardInterrupt\u001b[0m: "
          ]
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    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "### Functions!\n",
        "\n",
        "To avoid rewriting the same code."
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "3fKZJlOwXaDA"
      }
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "Default Parameters\n",
        "\n",
        "1. Use Python default parameters to simplify the function calls.\n",
        "2. Place default parameters after the non-default parameters."
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "My1b__PGcRC4"
      }
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "# default parameters\n",
        "\n",
        "def greet():\n",
        "  return 'Hi'\n",
        "\n",
        "greet()"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 35
        },
        "id": "-TWJnqJRapEr",
        "outputId": "7db66f53-2843-4e16-b730-690cadcf4bdf"
      },
      "execution_count": 9,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "'Hi'"
            ],
            "application/vnd.google.colaboratory.intrinsic+json": {
              "type": "string"
            }
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 9
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "def greet(name):\n",
        "  return f'Hi, {name}'\n",
        "\n",
        "greet('Rohan')"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
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        "id": "mWqZJ1flbDJw",
        "outputId": "b3cc7f57-175c-4f91-df2f-c3ad400549e0"
      },
      "execution_count": 10,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "'Hi, Rohan'"
            ],
            "application/vnd.google.colaboratory.intrinsic+json": {
              "type": "string"
            }
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 10
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "def greet(name, message='Hey!'):\n",
        "    return f'{message} {name}'\n",
        "\n",
        "greet('Rohan')\n",
        "greet('Yash')\n",
        "greet('Aman')"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 35
        },
        "id": "IkwY907ga9RY",
        "outputId": "3ca16ea3-2b02-4d2d-fbe1-02a685667412"
      },
      "execution_count": 11,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "'Hey! Aman'"
            ],
            "application/vnd.google.colaboratory.intrinsic+json": {
              "type": "string"
            }
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 11
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "def greet(name, message='Hey', question='Did you attend the last session?'):\n",
        "    return f'{message} {name}, {question}'\n",
        "\n",
        "greet('Rohan')"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 35
        },
        "id": "3eSBQC9Fb20B",
        "outputId": "aefc2e48-2bc0-4309-f48d-4be60d1ba285"
      },
      "execution_count": 12,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "'Hey Rohan, Did you attend the last session?'"
            ],
            "application/vnd.google.colaboratory.intrinsic+json": {
              "type": "string"
            }
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 12
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "# keyword arguments\n",
        "\n",
        "def get_net_price(price, discount):\n",
        "    return price * (1-discount)   "
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "MmNrlUBycmIJ"
      },
      "execution_count": 13,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "net_price = get_net_price(100, 0.1)\n",
        "print(net_price)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "TuZLqcXVcn_Q",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "outputId": "0ab8ce8f-fc13-4490-a8c0-3646fa969e75"
      },
      "execution_count": 14,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "90.0\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "# what happens now?\n",
        "\n",
        "net_price = get_net_price(0.1, 100)\n",
        "print(net_price)\n",
        "\n",
        "# we passed arguments in the wrong order!"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "fJ3N861_cn6O",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "outputId": "963b1e46-81a1-4c7e-82b3-caa3da209621"
      },
      "execution_count": 15,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "-9.9\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "By using the keyword argument syntax, you don’t need to specify the arguments in the same order as defined in the function.\n",
        "\n",
        "`fn(parameter2=value2,parameter1=value1)`"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "njXbG__NSX-h"
      }
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "net_price = get_net_price(price=100, discount=0.1)\n",
        "print(net_price)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "rHObuBEJcn3y",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "outputId": "1d7be0a3-2744-4af2-f71c-fd9686c645c6"
      },
      "execution_count": 16,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "90.0\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "net_price = get_net_price(discount=0.1, price=100)\n",
        "print(net_price)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "h06WV2aeSiu7",
        "outputId": "102f537b-0ad5-4821-e8d7-0863cbbd0286"
      },
      "execution_count": 17,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "90.0\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "# Note that you can call a function by mixing positional and keyword arguments. \n",
        "\n",
        "net_price = get_net_price(100, discount=0.1)\n",
        "print(net_price)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "6D1KzsedSiaQ",
        "outputId": "6943cf46-caf9-4f1f-fdd4-bfa36da61523"
      },
      "execution_count": 18,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "90.0\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "# Keyword arguments and default parameters\n",
        "\n",
        "def get_net_price(price, tax=0.07, discount=0.05):\n",
        "    return price * (1 + tax - discount)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "xuKn7y_hS9b3"
      },
      "execution_count": 19,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "net_price = get_net_price(100)\n",
        "print(net_price)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "eXw8G65dS9YW",
        "outputId": "20908ed1-b895-4995-b297-d7f597693648"
      },
      "execution_count": 20,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "102.0\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "# Once you use a keyword argument, you need to use keyword arguments for the remaining parameters.\n",
        "net_price = get_net_price(100, tax=0.08, 0.06)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 130
        },
        "id": "mTauQrFIS9WB",
        "outputId": "03351b82-d974-4993-94c1-97a5998c7506"
      },
      "execution_count": 21,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "error",
          "ename": "SyntaxError",
          "evalue": "ignored",
          "traceback": [
            "\u001b[0;36m  File \u001b[0;32m\"<ipython-input-21-72ad3dc23148>\"\u001b[0;36m, line \u001b[0;32m2\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;31m    net_price = get_net_price(100, tax=0.08, 0.06)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m                                             ^\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;31mSyntaxError\u001b[0m\u001b[0;31m:\u001b[0m positional argument follows keyword argument\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "# To fix this, you need to use the keyword argument for the third argument like this:\n",
        "net_price = get_net_price(100, tax=0.08, discount=0.06)\n",
        "print(net_price)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "VJiAVwpFS9Tb",
        "outputId": "63169e2a-bccf-41fa-9628-a5d82ab67b91"
      },
      "execution_count": 22,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "102.0\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "#### Recursive functions"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "00lT1vgxUqfj"
      }
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "# let's write a function to count down before a rocket launch!\n",
        "\n",
        "def count_down(start):\n",
        "    \"\"\" Count down from a number  \"\"\"\n",
        "    print(start)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "7n-Zcymecnz4"
      },
      "execution_count": 23,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "count_down(3)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "d5XPgeEucrqH",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "outputId": "32fc4ecf-63fb-42d3-ed31-51c37e4fdfd5"
      },
      "execution_count": 24,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "3\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "count_down(3)\n",
        "count_down(2)\n",
        "count_down(1)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "K_sT6OAKcrnr",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "outputId": "67aba08d-4509-4b3a-9e8d-9ab6e7753811"
      },
      "execution_count": 25,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "3\n",
            "2\n",
            "1\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "# let's use recursion to make this function call itself\n",
        "def count_down(start):\n",
        "    \"\"\" Count down from a number  \"\"\"\n",
        "    print(start)\n",
        "    count_down(start-1)\n",
        "\n",
        "\n",
        "count_down(3)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "1mAyWo95crjy",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 1000
        },
        "outputId": "b426a87b-36d6-419d-f6bf-f78a830380f9"
      },
      "execution_count": 26,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
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        },
        {
          "output_type": "error",
          "ename": "RecursionError",
          "evalue": "ignored",
          "traceback": [
            "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
            "\u001b[0;31mRecursionError\u001b[0m                            Traceback (most recent call last)",
            "\u001b[0;32m<ipython-input-26-b4a0484bd276>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m      6\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m      7\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 8\u001b[0;31m \u001b[0mcount_down\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;36m3\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
            "\u001b[0;32m<ipython-input-26-b4a0484bd276>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mcount_down\u001b[0;34m(start)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m      3\u001b[0m     \u001b[0;34m\"\"\" Count down from a number  \"\"\"\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m      4\u001b[0m     \u001b[0mprint\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mstart\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 5\u001b[0;31m     \u001b[0mcount_down\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mstart\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m-\u001b[0m\u001b[0;36m1\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m      6\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m      7\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
            "... last 1 frames repeated, from the frame below ...\n",
            "\u001b[0;32m<ipython-input-26-b4a0484bd276>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mcount_down\u001b[0;34m(start)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m      3\u001b[0m     \u001b[0;34m\"\"\" Count down from a number  \"\"\"\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m      4\u001b[0m     \u001b[0mprint\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mstart\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 5\u001b[0;31m     \u001b[0mcount_down\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mstart\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m-\u001b[0m\u001b[0;36m1\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m      6\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m      7\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
            "\u001b[0;31mRecursionError\u001b[0m: maximum recursion depth exceeded while calling a Python object"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "# Since you need to stop counting down the number reaches zero, you add a condition like this:\n",
        "\n",
        "def count_down(start):\n",
        "    \"\"\" Count down from a number  \"\"\"\n",
        "    print(start)\n",
        "\n",
        "    # call the count_down if the next\n",
        "    # number is greater than 0\n",
        "    next = start - 1\n",
        "    if next > 0:\n",
        "        count_down(next)\n",
        "\n",
        "\n",
        "count_down(3)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "DKcrVUwxcrdY",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "outputId": "5799102f-27e7-4943-d075-7c372ea073b2"
      },
      "execution_count": 27,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "3\n",
            "2\n",
            "1\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "num1 = 6\n",
        "num2 = 3\n",
        "\n",
        "if (0 <= num1 <= 10) and (0 <= num2 <= 10):\n",
        "  if num1 > num2:\n",
        "    print(f\"{num1} > {num2}\")\n",
        "  else:\n",
        "    print(f\"{num2} > {num1}\")"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "EQboLNSD5_3K",
        "outputId": "1b13eee7-c255-404a-d4c6-cf6e946293e2"
      },
      "execution_count": 28,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "6 > 3\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "def func(num):\n",
        "  if (type(num) != int) or num < 0:\n",
        "    raise Exception(\"This function only accepts a positive integer as an input!\")\n",
        "  else:\n",
        "    sum = 0\n",
        "    for i in range(1, num+1):\n",
        "      sum += i\n",
        "    return sum\n",
        "\n",
        "sum1 = func(10)    # Line 1\n",
        "print(sum1)\n",
        "#sum2 = func(-10)\n",
        "#print(sum2)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "sA_4jXAbrnmb",
        "outputId": "5d1fcb11-596c-4d38-df79-490c94b7eded"
      },
      "execution_count": 29,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "55\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "for num_1 in range(7, -1, -1):\n",
        "  for num_2 in range(2, num_1):\n",
        "    if num_1 % num_2 == 1:\n",
        "      print(num_1, end = \" \")\n",
        "      break"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "UAuB_JU0Vnr8",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "outputId": "af9bd35c-eadc-4022-82b7-4f1c95768265"
      },
      "execution_count": 31,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "7 6 5 4 3 "
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "for letter in 'Spartificial':\n",
        "  if 'i' in letter:\n",
        "    pass\n",
        "  print(letter , end = \"\")"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "_czzXR2T6WX7",
        "outputId": "37af5484-9423-4bbe-a0d0-aea6c628f1af"
      },
      "execution_count": 32,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "Spartificial"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "num = [i for i in range(0,11,2) if i >=  6]\n",
        "num"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "SugAgnMf6aRQ",
        "outputId": "4b1d62d2-01f5-4c3e-de5f-90ad383f69a5"
      },
      "execution_count": 33,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "[6, 8, 10]"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 33
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "zgM7ragy6faJ"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    }
  ]
}