diff --git a/libcudacxx/include/cuda/std/__cuda/api_wrapper.h b/libcudacxx/include/cuda/std/__cuda/api_wrapper.h
index d6d6a9d256b..61dc291b1ce 100644
--- a/libcudacxx/include/cuda/std/__cuda/api_wrapper.h
+++ b/libcudacxx/include/cuda/std/__cuda/api_wrapper.h
@@ -21,11 +21,13 @@
 #  pragma system_header
 #endif // no system header
 
-#if _CCCL_HAS_CUDA_COMPILER
+#if _CCCL_CUDA_COMPILER(CLANG)
 #  include <cuda_runtime_api.h>
+#endif // _CCCL_CUDA_COMPILER(CLANG)
 
-#  include <cuda/std/__exception/cuda_error.h>
+#include <cuda/std/__exception/cuda_error.h>
 
+#if _CCCL_HAS_CUDA_COMPILER
 #  define _CCCL_TRY_CUDA_API(_NAME, _MSG, ...)           \
     {                                                    \
       const ::cudaError_t __status = _NAME(__VA_ARGS__); \
diff --git a/libcudacxx/include/cuda/std/__exception/cuda_error.h b/libcudacxx/include/cuda/std/__exception/cuda_error.h
index 76a5b7b3353..fdc32cf0571 100644
--- a/libcudacxx/include/cuda/std/__exception/cuda_error.h
+++ b/libcudacxx/include/cuda/std/__exception/cuda_error.h
@@ -22,8 +22,6 @@
 #  pragma system_header
 #endif // no system header
 
-#include <cuda_runtime_api.h>
-
 #include <cuda/std/__exception/terminate.h>
 
 #if !_CCCL_COMPILER(NVRTC)
@@ -47,19 +45,19 @@ class cuda_error : public ::std::runtime_error
     char __buffer[256];
   };
 
-  static char* __format_cuda_error(::cudaError_t __status, const char* __msg, char* __msg_buffer) noexcept
+  static char* __format_cuda_error(const int __status, const char* __msg, char* __msg_buffer) noexcept
   {
     ::snprintf(__msg_buffer, 256, "cudaError %d: %s", __status, __msg);
     return __msg_buffer;
   }
 
 public:
-  cuda_error(::cudaError_t __status, const char* __msg, __msg_storage __msg_buffer = {0}) noexcept
+  cuda_error(const int __status, const char* __msg, __msg_storage __msg_buffer = {0}) noexcept
       : ::std::runtime_error(__format_cuda_error(__status, __msg, __msg_buffer.__buffer))
   {}
 };
 
-_CCCL_NORETURN _LIBCUDACXX_HIDE_FROM_ABI void __throw_cuda_error(::cudaError_t __status, const char* __msg)
+_CCCL_NORETURN _LIBCUDACXX_HIDE_FROM_ABI void __throw_cuda_error(const int __status, const char* __msg)
 {
   NV_IF_ELSE_TARGET(NV_IS_HOST,
                     (throw ::cuda::cuda_error(__status, __msg);),
@@ -69,10 +67,10 @@ _CCCL_NORETURN _LIBCUDACXX_HIDE_FROM_ABI void __throw_cuda_error(::cudaError_t _
 class cuda_error
 {
 public:
-  _LIBCUDACXX_HIDE_FROM_ABI cuda_error(::cudaError_t, const char*) noexcept {}
+  _LIBCUDACXX_HIDE_FROM_ABI cuda_error(const int, const char*) noexcept {}
 };
 
-_CCCL_NORETURN _LIBCUDACXX_HIDE_FROM_ABI void __throw_cuda_error(::cudaError_t, const char*)
+_CCCL_NORETURN _LIBCUDACXX_HIDE_FROM_ABI void __throw_cuda_error(const int, const char*)
 {
   _CUDA_VSTD_NOVERSION::terminate();
 }