[Scheduler] Rework argument passing for PeriodicScheduledTask

[rcschrg]

In GitLab by @mnebel-wenner on Nov 3, 2022, 14:46

Right now, the periodicScheduledTask does not allow for passing parameters. As a workaround, coroutines which should be scheduled periodically can be defined as inline functions, where all variables are known.
However, maybe a change of the api is more intuitive, in which the argument can be passed as another parameter when creating the task