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Django 進階

  • models 資料庫介紹
  • 透過post存到資料庫
  • 申請superuser，並且查看後台
  • 存取資料庫資料並呈現到template

0. 先把建立app

django-admin startapp firstapp (window 試試django-admin.py startapp firstapp)

first/first/urls.py:

from django.conf.urls import url, include
from django.contrib import admin

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^firstapp/',include('firstapp.urls') ),
]

建立first/firstapp/urls.py:

from django.conf.urls import url, include
from firstapp.views import group

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^group$', group),
]

把之前first的virws.py移動到
first/firstapp/views.py:

from django.shortcuts import render

# Create your views here.
def group(request):
	g = '中興資工 107與他的快樂伙伴'
	times = range(5)
	name = request.GET['name']
	print(locals())
	return render(request, 'index.html', locals())

在settings.py新增firstapp在陣列裏面：

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    #########新增這個#########
    'firstapp'
    #############
]

1. models 資料庫介紹

把這段貼進 firstapp/models.py
這就是設定資料庫的 Schema
設定他有那些欄位等等
__str__ 是這個資料庫物件的字串表示型態

from django.db import models

class Result(models.Model):
    StdID = models.CharField(max_length=15) # 學號
    Score = models.IntegerField() # 得分

    def __str__(self):
        return self.StdID

更新到新的 database schema

makemigrations:當你的models.py有更新的時候
需要執行一次，django會自動產生出一個migrations檔
其實就是一次記錄存檔，記錄你在這個時間點對資料庫的設定是什麼
你可以向git一樣任意切換不同時間點的設定

migrate:(預設)套用到最新的migrations檔，也可以指定不同版本的migrations

python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate

2. 透過post存到資料庫

Template

把這段html程式碼貼近 templates/index.html 的 body 裡面，貼哪裡都沒差

<body>

  <form class="ui form" action="" method="post">
          {% csrf_token %}
          <div class="control-group">
            <input type="" name="studentID" placeholder="請輸入學號">
            <label class="login-field-icon fui-user" for="login-name"></label>
          </div>

      <div class="control-group">
        <input type="" name="score" placeholder="請輸入your score">
        <label class="login-field-icon fui-user" for="login-name"></label>
      </div>
            <button class="btn btn-primary btn-large btn-block" type="submit" id="submit">繳交</button>
  </form>

</body>

Views.py

把下面這一段貼進去 group 的 views.py

def group(request):   中間有很多東西   可以留著

  from firstapp.models import Result

  # 如果是用POST的方式進來這個function
  if request.method == 'POST' and request.POST:
      # 如果是POST，就再產生一個變數接request.POST的東西，並將之與form.py裡面的格式結合
      data = request.POST
      data=data.dict()

      print(data)
      print(data['studentID'])
      print(data['score'])

      Result.objects.create(StdID=data['studentID'], Score=data['score'])

return render(request, 'index.html', locals())

進到後台看看 database 實際储存的結果吧

把這幾行加到 firstapp/admin.py

from django.contrib import admin

# Register your models here.
from firstapp.models import Result
# Register your models here.

admin.site.register(Result)

3. 申請superuser，並且查看後台

python manage.py createsuperuser

這樣就可以登入 127.0.0.1:8000/admin 看看資料庫的長相了.

4. 存取資料庫資料並呈現到template

整段都貼進去 templates/index.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
  {% for i in allResult %}
    <h1>{{i.StdID}} {{i.Score}}</h1>
  {% endfor %}

  <h1>Welcome~ {{name}}</h1>
  {% for i in times %}
    <h1>{{g}}</h1>
    <button>{{buttonName}}</button>
  {% endfor %}

  <form class="ui form" action="" method="post">
          {% csrf_token %}
          <div class="control-group">
            <input type="" name="studentID" placeholder="請輸入學號">
            <label class="login-field-icon fui-user" for="login-name"></label>
          </div>

      <div class="control-group">
        <input type="" name="score" placeholder="請輸入your score">
        <label class="login-field-icon fui-user" for="login-name"></label>
      </div>
            <button class="btn btn-primary btn-large btn-block" type="submit" id="submit">繳交</button>
  </form>
</body>
</html>

update firstapp/views.py

整段都貼進去吧

from firstapp.models import Result
from django.shortcuts import render
# Create your views here.
def group(request):
  g = '中興資工 107與他的快樂伙伴'
  times = range(10)
  name = request.GET['name']
  buttonName = 'i am button'
  # 如果是用POST的方式進來這個function
  if request.method == 'POST' and request.POST:
      # 如果是POST，就再產生一個變數接request.POST的東西，並將之與form.py裡面的格式結合
      data = request.POST
      data=data.dict()

      print(data)
      print(data['studentID'])
      print(data['score'])

      Result.objects.create(StdID=data['studentID'], Score=data['score'])
      allResult = Result.objects.all()

  return render(request, 'index.html', locals())