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museums.json
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[
{
"name": "British Museum",
"image": {
"link": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/British_Museum_%28aerial%29.jpg/1024px-British_Museum_%28aerial%29.jpg",
"license": "CC BY 2.0",
"attribution": {
"name": "Luke Massey & the Greater London National Park City Initiative",
"link": "https://www.london.gov.uk/motions/greater-london-national-park-city-initiative"
}
},
"description": {
"source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Museum",
"general": "The British Museum is a public museum dedicated to human history, art and culture located in the Bloomsbury area of London.",
"dispute": "The Elgin Marbles, Benin Bronzes, Ethiopian Tabots and the Rosetta Stone are among the most disputed objects in its collections, and organisations have been formed demanding the return of these artefacts to their native countries."
},
"coordinates": {
"latitude": 51.519444,
"longitude": -0.126944
},
"artifacts": [
{
"name": "Aboriginal shield",
"image": {
"link": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Bark_shield_2008_british_museum.jpg/320px-Bark_shield_2008_british_museum.jpg",
"license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"attribution": {
"name": "geni"
}
},
"description": {
"source": "https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/early-shield-australia",
"general": "Previously thought to be the Gweagal shield, this Aboriginal shield is made out bark and wood (red mangrove), dating to the late 1700s or early 1800s. The shield has a hole near the centre consistent with being hit by a spear.",
"dispute": "Following the Encounters exhibition, Rodney Kelly, a Gweagal man from Bermagui, started a campaign for the return of the shield to Australia, along with some Aboriginal spears held in Cambridge. His campaign for its return has since involved three visits to Britain, one in 2016 and two in 2017."
},
"coordinates": {
"latitude": -33.867778,
"longitude": 151.21
}
},
{
"name": "Benin Bronzes",
"image": {
"link": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Benin_brass_plaque_03_%28cropped%29.jpg/800px-Benin_brass_plaque_03_%28cropped%29.jpg",
"license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"attribution": {
"name": "Michel wal"
}
},
"description": {
"source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benin_Bronzes",
"general": "The Benin Bronzes are a group of several thousand metal plaques and sculptures that decorated the royal palace of the Kingdom of Benin. Collectively, the objects form the best examples of Benin art and were created from the thirteenth century by artists of the Edo people.",
"dispute": "In October 2021, Nigeria demanded the return of the Benin Bronzes. Many of the Benin Bronzes in other countries, such as Germany or the United Staates, have already been returned to Nigeria."
},
"coordinates": {
"latitude": 6.333333,
"longitude": 5.616667
}
},
{
"name": "Diamond Sutra",
"image": {
"link": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Jingangjing.jpg/1024px-Jingangjing.jpg",
"license": "Public Domain",
"attribution": {
"name": "The colophon"
}
},
"description": {
"source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamond_Sutra",
"general": "The Diamond Sutra is one of the most influential sutras in East Asia, and it is particularly prominent within the Chan tradition.",
"dispute": "The Diamond Sutra, among other artifacts from the Mogao Caves, have been claimed by the People's Republic of China."
},
"coordinates": {
"latitude": 40.037222,
"longitude": 94.804167
}
},
{
"name": "Elgin Marbles",
"image": {
"link": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Elgin_Marbles_British_Museum.jpg/1024px-Elgin_Marbles_British_Museum.jpg",
"license": "CC BY-SA 2.0",
"attribution": {
"name": "Andrew Dunn",
"link": "http://www.andrewdunnphoto.com/html/ThumbArchitecture.html"
}
},
"description": {
"source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elgin_Marbles",
"general": "The Elgin Marbles are a collection of Ancient Greek sculptures from the Parthenon and other structures from the Acropolis of Athens, removed from Ottoman Greece and now held in the British Museum.",
"dispute": "In 1835, the government of the newly independent Greece asked the British Museum to return the Elgin Marbles, and in 1890 the Greek minister in London asked for the return of the architectural fragments. In 1983 the Greek government formally asked the UK government to return the marbles to Greece and, in 1984, listed the dispute with UNESCO."
},
"coordinates": {
"latitude": 37.971667,
"longitude": 23.726111
}
},
{
"name": "Hoa Hakananai'a",
"image": {
"link": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Angled_View_of_the_Hoa_Hakananai%27a_Statue.JPG/800px-Angled_View_of_the_Hoa_Hakananai%27a_Statue.JPG",
"license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"attribution": {
"name": "James Miles"
}
},
"description": {
"source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoa_Hakananai%27a",
"general": "Hoa Hakananai'a is a moai, a statue from Easter Island. It was taken from Orongo, Easter Island (Rapa Nui) in 1868 by the crew of a British ship and is now in the British Museum in London.",
"dispute": "The Rapa Nui people consider that the moai was taken without permission. In November 2018 Laura Alarcón Rapu, the Governor of Easter Island, asked the British Museum to return the statue."
},
"coordinates": {
"latitude": -27.189444,
"longitude": -109.4425
}
},
{
"name": "Moel Hebog shield",
"image": {
"link": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Tarian_Moel_Hebog-_Moel_Hebog_Shield.jpg/800px-Tarian_Moel_Hebog-_Moel_Hebog_Shield.jpg",
"license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"attribution": {
"name": "Titus Gold"
}
},
"description": {
"source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moel_Hebog_shield",
"general": "The Moel Hebog shield is a large copper-alloy Yetholm-type shield from Bronze Age Britain, found in Wales in 1784, and now in the British Museum in London. It dates from 1300–1000 BC.",
"dispute": "There have been calls for the artefact to be returned to Wales."
},
"coordinates": {
"latitude": 53.00014,
"longitude": -4.1398
}
},
{
"name": "Mold gold cape",
"image": {
"link": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/The_Mold_cape.jpg/300px-The_Mold_cape.jpg",
"license": "CC BY 2.0",
"attribution": {
"name": "Mark Ramsay"
}
},
"description": {
"source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mold_gold_cape",
"general": "The Mold gold cape is a ceremonial cape of solid sheet-gold from Wales dating from about 1900–1600 BC in the British Bronze Age. It was found at Bryn yr Ellyllon burial mound near Mold, Flintshire in 1833.",
"dispute": "In 2002 Welsh Assembly Member Allison Halford urged the British Museum to hand back the Mold Cape to a North Wales museum. These calls for the Mold gold cape to be returned were echoed in 2011 by by Celtic League, a culture organisation and in 2022 by academic and former librarian of the National Library of Wales, Andrew Green."
},
"coordinates": {
"latitude": 53.167203,
"longitude": -3.141903
}
},
{
"name": "Rhos Rydd Shield",
"image": {
"link": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Tarian_Rhyd_y_Gors-_Rhyd_y_Gors_Shield.jpg/800px-Tarian_Rhyd_y_Gors-_Rhyd_y_Gors_Shield.jpg",
"license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"attribution": {
"name": "Titus Gold"
}
},
"description": {
"source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhos_Rydd_Shield",
"general": "The Rhos Rydd Shield is a large copper-alloy Yetholm-type shield from the Bronze Age, found in Rhos-Rydd or Rhyd y Gors, near Blaenplwyf, Wales.",
"dispute": "There have been calls for the artefact to return to Wales."
},
"coordinates": {
"latitude": 52.3601,
"longitude": -4.09065
}
},
{
"name": "Rosetta Stone",
"image": {
"link": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Rosetta_Stone.JPG/800px-Rosetta_Stone.JPG",
"license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"attribution": {
"name": "Hans Hillewaert"
}
},
"description": {
"source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosetta_Stone",
"general": "The Rosetta Stone is a stele with three versions of a decree issued on behalf of King Ptolemy V Epiphanes in Memphis, Egypt.",
"dispute": "Calls for the Rosetta Stone to be returned from the British Museum were made in July 2003 by Zahi Hawass, then Secretary-General of Egypt's Supreme Council of Antiquities."
},
"coordinates": {
"latitude": 29.844722,
"longitude": 31.250833
}
}
]
},
{
"name": "Field Museum of Natural History",
"image": {
"link": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Field_Museum_N.jpg/800px-Field_Museum_N.jpg",
"license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"attribution": {
"name": "Sea Cow",
"link": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Sea_Cow"
}
},
"description": {
"source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_Museum_of_Natural_History",
"general": "The Field Museum of Natural History (FMNH), also known as The Field Museum, is a natural history museum in Chicago, Illinois, and is one of the largest such museums in the world.",
"dispute": "The skins of the Tsavo Man-Eaters were aquired by the Field Museum in 1924 for a sum of $5,000. The skins arrived at the museum in very poor condition. The lions were reconstructed and are now on permanent display along with their skulls."
},
"coordinates": {
"latitude": 41.866111,
"longitude": -87.616944
},
"artifacts": [
{
"name": "Tsavo Man-Eaters",
"image": {
"link": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Lionsoftsavo2008.jpg/800px-Lionsoftsavo2008.jpg",
"license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"attribution": {
"name": "Jeffrey Jung"
}
},
"description": {
"source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsavo_Man-Eaters#Museum_display",
"general": "The Tsavo Man-Eaters were a pair of man-eating male lions in the Tsavo region of Kenya, which were responsible for the deaths of many construction workers on the Kenya-Uganda Railway between March and December 1898. Today, the Tsavo Man-Eaters are some of the most widely studied man-eating pantherine cats given their behavior of hunting humans as a pair as well as dental injuries reported in one of the lions, a cause commonly attributed to big cats turning to humans as prey.",
"dispute": "The government of Kenya demanded the return of the Tsavo Man-Eaters as 'first resistance' against colonial rule in 2021."
},
"coordinates": {
"latitude": 1,
"longitude": 38
}
}
]
},
{
"name": "Neues Museum",
"image": {
"link": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Neues_Museum_-_Joy_of_Museums.jpg/640px-Neues_Museum_-_Joy_of_Museums.jpg",
"license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"attribution": {
"name": "Joyofmuseums",
"link": "https://joyofmuseums.com/"
}
},
"description": {
"source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neues_Museum",
"general": "The Neues Museum (New Museum) is a museum on the Museum Island in the historic centre of Berlin. Built from 1843 to 1855 by order of King Frederick William IV of Prussia in Neoclassical and Renaissance Revival styles, it is considered as the major work of Friedrich August Stüler.",
"dispute": "The Neferti Bust is one of its most diputed artifacts. It has become a cultural symbol of Berlin as well as ancient Egypt and the subject of an intense argument between Egypt and Germany over Egyptian demands for its repatriation."
},
"coordinates": {
"latitude": 52.520556,
"longitude": 13.397778
},
"artifacts": [
{
"name": "Nefertiti Bust",
"image": {
"link": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Nofretete_Neues_Museum.jpg/800px-Nofretete_Neues_Museum.jpg",
"license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"attribution": {
"name": "Philip Pikart"
}
},
"description": {
"source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nefertiti_Bust",
"general": "The Nefertiti Bust is a painted stucco-coated limestone bust of Nefertiti, the Great Royal Wife of Egyptian pharaoh Akhenaten.",
"dispute": "It has also been the subject of an intense argument between Egypt and Germany over Egyptian demands for its repatriation, which began in 1924, once the bust was first displayed to the public. There have been many requests to return the bust to Egypt over the years, but these have been rejected by Germany."
},
"coordinates": {
"latitude": 27.645278,
"longitude": 30.896389
}
}
]
},
{
"name": "Pushkin Museum",
"image": {
"link": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/Gmii.jpg",
"license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"attribution": {
"name": "Ghirlandajo",
"link": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Ghirlandajo"
}
},
"description": {
"source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pushkin_Museum",
"general": "The Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts is the largest museum of European art in Moscow.",
"dispute": "Many of the Priam's Treasure's disputed artifacts are currently in its collection. They were originally smuggled by Heinrich Schliemann from Hisarlik, Turkey. Many of these artifacts were aquired in 1881 by the Royal Museums of Berlin and taken by the Red Army during the Battle of Berlin. The artefacts were then flown to Moscow, where they currently are located."
},
"coordinates": {
"latitude": 55.747222,
"longitude": 37.605
},
"artifacts": [
{
"name": "Dieskau gold hoard",
"image": {
"link": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d9/Montelius_Dieskau.png",
"license": "Public Domain",
"attribution": {
"name": "Oscar Montelius"
}
},
"description": {
"source": "https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depot_I_von_Dieskau",
"general": "The Dieskau gold hoard is probably a depot find of the Early Bronze Age Aunjetitz Culture from Dieskau, Germany. According to Curt von Bülow, the hoard originally consisted of 13 objects with a total weight of four Prussian pounds (1868 g). It is thus the largest known gold hoard of the Middle German Early Bronze Age.",
"dispute": "Since 1945, the five surviving pieces have been in the Pushkin Museum in Moscow as looted art."
},
"coordinates": {
"latitude": 51.441222,
"longitude": 12.044361
}
},
{
"name": "Eberswalde Hoard",
"image": {
"link": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Nachbildung_Goldschtz_ausgestellt_Foto_B._Klitzke.jpg/1024px-Nachbildung_Goldschtz_ausgestellt_Foto_B._Klitzke.jpg",
"license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"attribution": {
"name": "Birgit Klitzke"
}
},
"description": {
"source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eberswalde_Hoard",
"general": "The Eberswalde Hoard is a Bronze Age hoard of 81 gold objects with a total weight of 2.59 kg. The largest prehistoric assembly of gold objects ever found in Germany, it is considered to be one of the most important finds from the Central European Bronze Age.",
"dispute": "After the end of the Second World War in 1945, the Eberswalde Hoard disappeared from the Berlin museum. The suspicion that the Red Army might have removed both finds was denied by the Soviets for decades. In 2004, a reporter from German magazine Der Spiegel located it in a secret depot within Moscow's Pushkin Museum. Germany has requested return of the materials, and the issue has caused tension between the German and Russian governments."
},
"coordinates": {
"latitude": 52.846111,
"longitude": 13.723056
}
},
{
"name": "Gutenstein sword scabbard",
"image": {
"link": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wolfskrieger_2.jpg/800px-Wolfskrieger_2.jpg",
"license": "CC BY-SA 2.0",
"attribution": {
"name": "Schristian Bickel"
}
},
"description": {
"source": "https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwertscheide_von_Gutenstein",
"general": "The Gutenstein sword scabbard is a magnificently decorated sword scabbard of a spatha from the 7th century, which was found in the grave of an Alamannic warrior. The special feature of this sword scabbard are the rare for the 7th century depictions of animal warriors or people with animal masks, which has few parallels in Europe.",
"dispute": "In 1945, the trophy commission of the Red Army confiscated the Gutenstein sword scabbard. Since then, it has been stored in the Pushkin Museum in Moscow as a cultural object lost during the war or as looted art. The actual whereabouts of the sword scabbard were uncertain for many years, as no information was received from Moscow."
},
"coordinates": {
"latitude": 48.078333,
"longitude": 9.115556
}
},
{
"name": "Priam's Treasure",
"image": {
"link": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/Priam%27s_treasure.jpg",
"license": "Public Domain",
"attribution": {
"name": "Unknown"
}
},
"description": {
"source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priam's_Treasure",
"general": "Priam's Treasure is a cache of gold and other artifacts discovered by classical archaeologists Frank Calvert and Heinrich Schliemann at Hissarlik, on the northwestern coast of modern Turkey. The majority of the artifacts are currently in the Pushkin Museum in Moscow.",
"dispute": "Apparently, Schliemann smuggled Priam's Treasure out of Anatolia. The Ottoman government revoked Schliemann's permission to dig and sued him for its share of the gold. Later Schliemann traded some treasure to the government of the Ottoman Empire in exchange for permission to dig at Troy again."
},
"coordinates": {
"latitude": 39.957,
"longitude": 26.239
}
}
]
}
]