custom_completions.go

package cobra

import (
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"strings"

	"github.com/spf13/pflag"
)

const (
	// ShellCompRequestCmd is the name of the hidden command that is used to request
	// completion results from the program.  It is used by the shell completion scripts.
	ShellCompRequestCmd = "__complete"
	// ShellCompNoDescRequestCmd is the name of the hidden command that is used to request
	// completion results without their description.  It is used by the shell completion scripts.
	ShellCompNoDescRequestCmd = "__completeNoDesc"
)

// Global map of flag completion functions.
var flagCompletionFunctions = map[*pflag.Flag]func(cmd *Command, args []string, toComplete string) ([]string, ShellCompDirective){}

// ShellCompDirective is a bit map representing the different behaviors the shell
// can be instructed to have once completions have been provided.
type ShellCompDirective int

const (
	// ShellCompDirectiveError indicates an error occurred and completions should be ignored.
	ShellCompDirectiveError ShellCompDirective = 1 << iota

	// ShellCompDirectiveNoSpace indicates that the shell should not add a space
	// after the completion even if there is a single completion provided.
	ShellCompDirectiveNoSpace

	// ShellCompDirectiveNoFileComp indicates that the shell should not provide
	// file completion even when no completion is provided.
	// This currently does not work for zsh or bash < 4
	ShellCompDirectiveNoFileComp

	// ShellCompDirectiveDefault indicates to let the shell perform its default
	// behavior after completions have been provided.
	ShellCompDirectiveDefault ShellCompDirective = 0
)

// RegisterFlagCompletionFunc should be called to register a function to provide completion for a flag.
func (c *Command) RegisterFlagCompletionFunc(flagName string, f func(cmd *Command, args []string, toComplete string) ([]string, ShellCompDirective)) error {
	flag := c.Flag(flagName)
	if flag == nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("RegisterFlagCompletionFunc: flag '%s' does not exist", flagName)
	}
	if _, exists := flagCompletionFunctions[flag]; exists {
		return fmt.Errorf("RegisterFlagCompletionFunc: flag '%s' already registered", flagName)
	}
	flagCompletionFunctions[flag] = f
	return nil
}

// Returns a string listing the different directive enabled in the specified parameter
func (d ShellCompDirective) string() string {
	var directives []string
	if d&ShellCompDirectiveError != 0 {
		directives = append(directives, "ShellCompDirectiveError")
	}
	if d&ShellCompDirectiveNoSpace != 0 {
		directives = append(directives, "ShellCompDirectiveNoSpace")
	}
	if d&ShellCompDirectiveNoFileComp != 0 {
		directives = append(directives, "ShellCompDirectiveNoFileComp")
	}
	if len(directives) == 0 {
		directives = append(directives, "ShellCompDirectiveDefault")
	}

	if d > ShellCompDirectiveError+ShellCompDirectiveNoSpace+ShellCompDirectiveNoFileComp {
		return fmt.Sprintf("ERROR: unexpected ShellCompDirective value: %d", d)
	}
	return strings.Join(directives, ", ")
}

// Adds a special hidden command that can be used to request custom completions.
func (c *Command) initCompleteCmd(args []string) {
	completeCmd := &Command{
		Use:                   fmt.Sprintf("%s [command-line]", ShellCompRequestCmd),
		Aliases:               []string{ShellCompNoDescRequestCmd},
		DisableFlagsInUseLine: true,
		Hidden:                true,
		DisableFlagParsing:    true,
		Args:                  MinimumNArgs(1),
		Short:                 "Request shell completion choices for the specified command-line",
		Long: fmt.Sprintf("%[2]s is a special command that is used by the shell completion logic\n%[1]s",
			"to request completion choices for the specified command-line.", ShellCompRequestCmd),
		Run: func(cmd *Command, args []string) {
			finalCmd, completions, directive, err := cmd.getCompletions(args)
			if err != nil {
				CompErrorln(err.Error())
				// Keep going for multiple reasons:
				// 1- There could be some valid completions even though there was an error
				// 2- Even without completions, we need to print the directive
			}

			noDescriptions := (cmd.CalledAs() == ShellCompNoDescRequestCmd)
			for _, comp := range completions {
				if noDescriptions {
					// Remove any description that may be included following a tab character.
					comp = strings.Split(comp, "\t")[0]
				}
				// Print each possible completion to stdout for the completion script to consume.
				fmt.Fprintln(finalCmd.OutOrStdout(), comp)
			}

			if directive > ShellCompDirectiveError+ShellCompDirectiveNoSpace+ShellCompDirectiveNoFileComp {
				directive = ShellCompDirectiveDefault
			}

			// As the last printout, print the completion directive for the completion script to parse.
			// The directive integer must be that last character following a single colon (:).
			// The completion script expects :<directive>
			fmt.Fprintf(finalCmd.OutOrStdout(), ":%d\n", directive)

			// Print some helpful info to stderr for the user to understand.
			// Output from stderr must be ignored by the completion script.
			fmt.Fprintf(finalCmd.ErrOrStderr(), "Completion ended with directive: %s\n", directive.string())
		},
	}
	c.AddCommand(completeCmd)
	subCmd, _, err := c.Find(args)
	if err != nil || subCmd.Name() != ShellCompRequestCmd {
		// Only create this special command if it is actually being called.
		// This reduces possible side-effects of creating such a command;
		// for example, having this command would cause problems to a
		// cobra program that only consists of the root command, since this
		// command would cause the root command to suddenly have a subcommand.
		c.RemoveCommand(completeCmd)
	}
}

func (c *Command) getCompletions(args []string) (*Command, []string, ShellCompDirective, error) {
	var completions []string

	// The last argument, which is not completely typed by the user,
	// should not be part of the list of arguments
	toComplete := args[len(args)-1]
	trimmedArgs := args[:len(args)-1]

	// Find the real command for which completion must be performed
	finalCmd, finalArgs, err := c.Root().Find(trimmedArgs)
	if err != nil {
		// Unable to find the real command. E.g., <program> someInvalidCmd <TAB>
		return c, completions, ShellCompDirectiveDefault, fmt.Errorf("Unable to find a command for arguments: %v", trimmedArgs)
	}

	// When doing completion of a flag name, as soon as an argument starts with
	// a '-' we know it is a flag.  We cannot use isFlagArg() here as it requires
	// the flag to be complete
	if len(toComplete) > 0 && toComplete[0] == '-' && !strings.Contains(toComplete, "=") {
		// We are completing a flag name
		finalCmd.NonInheritedFlags().VisitAll(func(flag *pflag.Flag) {
			completions = append(completions, getFlagNameCompletions(flag, toComplete)...)
		})
		finalCmd.InheritedFlags().VisitAll(func(flag *pflag.Flag) {
			completions = append(completions, getFlagNameCompletions(flag, toComplete)...)
		})

		directive := ShellCompDirectiveDefault
		if len(completions) > 0 {
			if strings.HasSuffix(completions[0], "=") {
				directive = ShellCompDirectiveNoSpace
			}
		}
		return finalCmd, completions, directive, nil
	}

	var flag *pflag.Flag
	if !finalCmd.DisableFlagParsing {
		// We only do flag completion if we are allowed to parse flags
		// This is important for commands which have requested to do their own flag completion.
		flag, finalArgs, toComplete, err = checkIfFlagCompletion(finalCmd, finalArgs, toComplete)
		if err != nil {
			// Error while attempting to parse flags
			return finalCmd, completions, ShellCompDirectiveDefault, err
		}
	}

	if flag == nil {
		// Complete subcommand names
		for _, subCmd := range finalCmd.Commands() {
			if subCmd.IsAvailableCommand() && strings.HasPrefix(subCmd.Name(), toComplete) {
				completions = append(completions, fmt.Sprintf("%s\t%s", subCmd.Name(), subCmd.Short))
			}
		}

		if len(finalCmd.ValidArgs) > 0 {
			// Always complete ValidArgs, even if we are completing a subcommand name.
			// This is for commands that have both subcommands and ValidArgs.
			for _, validArg := range finalCmd.ValidArgs {
				if strings.HasPrefix(validArg, toComplete) {
					completions = append(completions, validArg)
				}
			}

			// If there are ValidArgs specified (even if they don't match), we stop completion.
			// Only one of ValidArgs or ValidArgsFunction can be used for a single command.
			return finalCmd, completions, ShellCompDirectiveNoFileComp, nil
		}

		// Always let the logic continue so as to add any ValidArgsFunction completions,
		// even if we already found sub-commands.
		// This is for commands that have subcommands but also specify a ValidArgsFunction.
	}

	// Parse the flags and extract the arguments to prepare for calling the completion function
	if err = finalCmd.ParseFlags(finalArgs); err != nil {
		return finalCmd, completions, ShellCompDirectiveDefault, fmt.Errorf("Error while parsing flags from args %v: %s", finalArgs, err.Error())
	}

	// We only remove the flags from the arguments if DisableFlagParsing is not set.
	// This is important for commands which have requested to do their own flag completion.
	if !finalCmd.DisableFlagParsing {
		finalArgs = finalCmd.Flags().Args()
	}

	// Find the completion function for the flag or command
	var completionFn func(cmd *Command, args []string, toComplete string) ([]string, ShellCompDirective)
	if flag != nil {
		completionFn = flagCompletionFunctions[flag]
	} else {
		completionFn = finalCmd.ValidArgsFunction
	}
	if completionFn == nil {
		// Go custom completion not supported/needed for this flag or command
		return finalCmd, completions, ShellCompDirectiveDefault, nil
	}

	// Call the registered completion function to get the completions
	comps, directive := completionFn(finalCmd, finalArgs, toComplete)
	completions = append(completions, comps...)
	return finalCmd, completions, directive, nil
}

func getFlagNameCompletions(flag *pflag.Flag, toComplete string) []string {
	if nonCompletableFlag(flag) {
		return []string{}
	}

	var completions []string
	flagName := "--" + flag.Name
	if strings.HasPrefix(flagName, toComplete) {
		// Flag without the =
		completions = append(completions, fmt.Sprintf("%s\t%s", flagName, flag.Usage))

		if len(flag.NoOptDefVal) == 0 {
			// Flag requires a value, so it can be suffixed with =
			flagName += "="
			completions = append(completions, fmt.Sprintf("%s\t%s", flagName, flag.Usage))
		}
	}

	flagName = "-" + flag.Shorthand
	if len(flag.Shorthand) > 0 && strings.HasPrefix(flagName, toComplete) {
		completions = append(completions, fmt.Sprintf("%s\t%s", flagName, flag.Usage))
	}

	return completions
}

func checkIfFlagCompletion(finalCmd *Command, args []string, lastArg string) (*pflag.Flag, []string, string, error) {
	var flagName string
	trimmedArgs := args
	flagWithEqual := false
	if isFlagArg(lastArg) {
		if index := strings.Index(lastArg, "="); index >= 0 {
			flagName = strings.TrimLeft(lastArg[:index], "-")
			lastArg = lastArg[index+1:]
			flagWithEqual = true
		} else {
			return nil, nil, "", errors.New("Unexpected completion request for flag")
		}
	}

	if len(flagName) == 0 {
		if len(args) > 0 {
			prevArg := args[len(args)-1]
			if isFlagArg(prevArg) {
				// Only consider the case where the flag does not contain an =.
				// If the flag contains an = it means it has already been fully processed,
				// so we don't need to deal with it here.
				if index := strings.Index(prevArg, "="); index < 0 {
					flagName = strings.TrimLeft(prevArg, "-")

					// Remove the uncompleted flag or else there could be an error created
					// for an invalid value for that flag
					trimmedArgs = args[:len(args)-1]
				}
			}
		}
	}

	if len(flagName) == 0 {
		// Not doing flag completion
		return nil, trimmedArgs, lastArg, nil
	}

	flag := findFlag(finalCmd, flagName)
	if flag == nil {
		// Flag not supported by this command, nothing to complete
		err := fmt.Errorf("Subcommand '%s' does not support flag '%s'", finalCmd.Name(), flagName)
		return nil, nil, "", err
	}

	if !flagWithEqual {
		if len(flag.NoOptDefVal) != 0 {
			// We had assumed dealing with a two-word flag but the flag is a boolean flag.
			// In that case, there is no value following it, so we are not really doing flag completion.
			// Reset everything to do noun completion.
			trimmedArgs = args
			flag = nil
		}
	}

	return flag, trimmedArgs, lastArg, nil
}

func findFlag(cmd *Command, name string) *pflag.Flag {
	flagSet := cmd.Flags()
	if len(name) == 1 {
		// First convert the short flag into a long flag
		// as the cmd.Flag() search only accepts long flags
		if short := flagSet.ShorthandLookup(name); short != nil {
			name = short.Name
		} else {
			set := cmd.InheritedFlags()
			if short = set.ShorthandLookup(name); short != nil {
				name = short.Name
			} else {
				return nil
			}
		}
	}
	return cmd.Flag(name)
}

// CompDebug prints the specified string to the same file as where the
// completion script prints its logs.
// Note that completion printouts should never be on stdout as they would
// be wrongly interpreted as actual completion choices by the completion script.
func CompDebug(msg string, printToStdErr bool) {
	msg = fmt.Sprintf("[Debug] %s", msg)

	// Such logs are only printed when the user has set the environment
	// variable BASH_COMP_DEBUG_FILE to the path of some file to be used.
	if path := os.Getenv("BASH_COMP_DEBUG_FILE"); path != "" {
		f, err := os.OpenFile(path,
			os.O_APPEND|os.O_CREATE|os.O_WRONLY, 0644)
		if err == nil {
			defer f.Close()
			f.WriteString(msg)
		}
	}

	if printToStdErr {
		// Must print to stderr for this not to be read by the completion script.
		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, msg)
	}
}

// CompDebugln prints the specified string with a newline at the end
// to the same file as where the completion script prints its logs.
// Such logs are only printed when the user has set the environment
// variable BASH_COMP_DEBUG_FILE to the path of some file to be used.
func CompDebugln(msg string, printToStdErr bool) {
	CompDebug(fmt.Sprintf("%s\n", msg), printToStdErr)
}

// CompError prints the specified completion message to stderr.
func CompError(msg string) {
	msg = fmt.Sprintf("[Error] %s", msg)
	CompDebug(msg, true)
}

// CompErrorln prints the specified completion message to stderr with a newline at the end.
func CompErrorln(msg string) {
	CompError(fmt.Sprintf("%s\n", msg))
}