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Networking.Rpres
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Computer Networking
========================================================
author: Jim Hogan
date: 2015-01-14
transition: fade
incremental: true
Research Computing and Data Management
-------------------------------------------------------
[http://github.com/brianhigh/research-computing](http://github.com/brianhigh/research-computing)
<small style="font-size:.5em">
This work is licensed under a <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License</a>.<br />
<a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" style="border-width:0" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-sa/4.0/88x31.png" /></a>
</small>
Introduction
========================================================
* A 30-minute introduction
* Some historical background
* The purpose
* Evolution to contemporary computer networks
* Key technical aspects including:
+ networking topologies
+ protocols and standards
+ networking system components
Networking History
================================================================
Networking History
================================================================
### 1792
----
### Chappe Telegraph
]
Moving Along
================================================================
### 1889
-----
### 1943
Enter Binary
======================================================
## 10000000010111110111000000000001
Some Binary Basics
=======================================================
Recognize this number?
128.95.112.1
How about this one?
10000000010111110111000000000001
Question
==================================================================
>Would not Morse code be considered a binary communication protocol?
Computer Networks: What's the Point?
========================================================
1. Allow a computer system/device to communicate with another computer system by exchanging data
2. Allow humans to interact with computer systems
3. Allow humans to interact with other humans.
Contemporary Computer Networks: Key Elements
==================================================================
* Key Elements
+ Binary Operation
+ Packet Switching
+ Protocols
* Another biggie:
+ Layered Model
* And some other bits:
+ software and hardware components
+ network topologies
+ network speeds
+ more...
Protocols, Standards and Governing Bodies
=============================================================
 International Telecommunicatios Union
 Internet Engineering Task Force
The TCP/IP Protocol Suite
==============================================================
* Embodied in documents called "RFCs" (Request For Comment)
* Many design decisions around factors like efficiency and reliability
* Some protocols humorously start with the word "Simple" or "Lightweight"."
Questions
==============================================================
> How many different protocols are under the TCP/IP umbrella?
> What is ICANN? IANA?
Packet Switching and Routing Metrics
=============================================================
* Hops
* Latency
* Congestion
* Queuing
Resolution of Names and Addresses
==============================================================
* DNS: phage.deohs.washington.edu => 128.95.230.32
* ARP: 128.95.230.32 => 26:a5:b7:20:f0:35
Question
=============================================================
> What were the design goals of ARPANET?
Data Flow of the Layered TCP/IP Model
=============================================================
[The Internet Protocol Suite Wikipedia Page](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_protocol_suite)
Layers, Protocols, and Encapsulation
=============================================================
(Not translated from the Dutch)
Types of Networks
=============================================================
* LAN - Local Area Network
* WAN - Wide Area Network
* LAN - less need for routing
* WAN - more need for routing
Topologies and the Networking Layer
=============================================================
* Mesh, Star and Tree arguably more common in this era
* Complex networks can combine elements of several topologies
Link Layer Technologies (Ethernet Rules!)
==============================================================
From bus-based in the 80s
To the familiar RJ45
----
Over copper and fiber media
All standards thanks to
Network Speeds
=======================================================
Familiar Speeds in Common Use:
10 Mbps - Ethernet 10BaseT - outmoded
100 Mbps - "Fast Ethernet" - still very common
1000 Mbps - "Gigabit Ethernet or 1Gbps" - typical in new devices
Faster speeds possible but expensive.
Primary Networking Devices
========================================================
* switches
* router
* access point
----
Devices may combine functions and be hard to distinguish by appearance.
Using the Network Effectively
========================================================
* network could be performance bottleneck
* wired connection more reliable than wireless
* read and write speed to local disk always faster
* troubleshooting:
+ start with closest component
+ learn how to use simple tool "ping"
+ get a grip on name resolution/DNS
+ know how to determine your IP address
[Networking on Computing Basics Wiki](https://github.com/brianhigh/computing-basics/wiki/networking)