diff --git a/QuickBooks/Cast.php b/QuickBooks/Cast.php
index d58f5c11..c541bf6c 100755
--- a/QuickBooks/Cast.php
+++ b/QuickBooks/Cast.php
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ static protected function _castCharset($str)
 		$count = strlen($str);
 		for ($i = 0; $i < $count; $i++)
 		{
-			$ord = ord($str{$i});
+			$ord = ord($str[$i]);
 			
 			if ($ord != ord("\t") and 
 				$ord != ord("\n") and 
@@ -105,11 +105,11 @@ static protected function _castCharset($str)
 			{
 				if (isset($replace[$ord]))
 				{
-					$str{$i} = $replace[$ord];
+					$str[$i] = $replace[$ord];
 				}
 				else
 				{
-					$str{$i} = ' ';
+					$str[$i] = ' ';
 				}
 			}
 		}
@@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ static public function cast($type_or_action, $field, $value, $use_abbrevs = true
 			$dh = opendir(dirname(__FILE__) . '/QBXML/Schema/Object');
 			while (false !== ($file = readdir($dh)))
 			{
-				if ($file{0} == '.' or substr($file, -6, 6) != 'Rq.php')
+				if ($file[0] == '.' or substr($file, -6, 6) != 'Rq.php')
 				{
 					continue;
 				}
diff --git a/QuickBooks/Driver/Sql.php b/QuickBooks/Driver/Sql.php
index c0601f34..74e400a1 100755
--- a/QuickBooks/Driver/Sql.php
+++ b/QuickBooks/Driver/Sql.php
@@ -3254,7 +3254,7 @@ protected function _initialize($init_options = array())
 			$dh = opendir($defaults['quickbooks_sql_schema']);
 			while (false !== ($file = readdir($dh)))
 			{
-				if ($file{0} == '.' or is_dir($defaults['quickbooks_sql_schema'] . '/' . $file))
+				if ($file[0] == '.' or is_dir($defaults['quickbooks_sql_schema'] . '/' . $file))
 				{
 					continue;
 				}
diff --git a/QuickBooks/IPP/Object.php b/QuickBooks/IPP/Object.php
index b71b0867..6dd1421a 100644
--- a/QuickBooks/IPP/Object.php
+++ b/QuickBooks/IPP/Object.php
@@ -401,19 +401,19 @@ protected function _asXML_v3($indent, $parent, $optype, $flavor)
 						//$xml .= QuickBooks_XML::encode($value, $for_qbxml);
 						//$xml .= '</' . $key . '>' . QUICKBOOKS_CRLF;
 						
-						if (substr($key, -3, 3) == 'Ref' and $svalue{0} == '{')
+						if (substr($key, -3, 3) == 'Ref' and $svalue[0] == '{')
 						{
 							$svalue = trim($svalue, '{}-');
 						}
-						else if ($key == 'Id' and $svalue{0} == '{')
+						else if ($key == 'Id' and $svalue[0] == '{')
 						{
 							$svalue = trim($svalue, '{}-');	
 						}
-						else if ($key == 'DefinitionId' and $svalue{0} == '{')
+						else if ($key == 'DefinitionId' and $svalue[0] == '{')
 						{
 							$svalue = trim($svalue, '{}-');
 						}
-						else if ($key == 'TxnId' and $svalue{0} == '{')
+						else if ($key == 'TxnId' and $svalue[0] == '{')
 						{
 							$svalue = trim($svalue, '{}-');
 						}
@@ -444,19 +444,19 @@ protected function _asXML_v3($indent, $parent, $optype, $flavor)
 			{
 				$for_qbxml = false;
 				
-				if (substr($key, -3, 3) == 'Ref' and $value{0} == '{')
+				if (substr($key, -3, 3) == 'Ref' and $value[0] == '{')
 				{
 					$value = trim($value, '{}-');
 				}
-				else if ($key == 'Id' and $value{0} == '{')
+				else if ($key == 'Id' and $value[0] == '{')
 				{
 					$value = trim($value, '{}-');	
 				}
-				else if ($key == 'DefinitionId' and $value{0} == '{')
+				else if ($key == 'DefinitionId' and $value[0] == '{')
 				{
 					$value = trim($value, '{}-');
 				}
-				else if ($key == 'TxnId' and $value{0} == '{')
+				else if ($key == 'TxnId' and $value[0] == '{')
 				{
 					$value = trim($value, '{}-');
 				}
diff --git a/QuickBooks/MerchantService/CheckingAccount.php b/QuickBooks/MerchantService/CheckingAccount.php
index ac0dd32d..7f7a6339 100644
--- a/QuickBooks/MerchantService/CheckingAccount.php
+++ b/QuickBooks/MerchantService/CheckingAccount.php
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ public function __construct($routing, $account, $info, $type, $first_name, $last
 		
 		$phone = trim(str_replace(array('(', ')', '+', ' ', '.', '-'), '', $phone));
 		if (strlen($phone) == 11 and 
-			$phone{0} == '1')
+			$phone[0] == '1')
 		{
 			$phone = substr($phone, 1);
 		}
diff --git a/QuickBooks/Utilities.php b/QuickBooks/Utilities.php
index 9d6bf36f..693287a6 100755
--- a/QuickBooks/Utilities.php
+++ b/QuickBooks/Utilities.php
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ static public function mask($message)
 		
 		foreach ($masks as $key)
 		{
-			if ($key{0} == '<')
+			if ($key[0] == '<')
 			{
 				// It's an XML tag
 				$contents = QuickBooks_Utilities::_extractTagContents(trim($key, '<> '), $message);
@@ -301,7 +301,7 @@ static public function intervalToSeconds($interval)
 			$count = strlen($interval);
 			for ($i = 0; $i < $count; $i++)
 			{
-				if (ord($interval{$i}) < 97 or ord($interval{$i}) > 122)
+				if (ord($interval[$i]) < 97 or ord($interval[$i]) > 122)
 				{
 					$justletters = false;
 				}
diff --git a/QuickBooks/XML.php b/QuickBooks/XML.php
index 3fc0b842..c82fb02d 100755
--- a/QuickBooks/XML.php
+++ b/QuickBooks/XML.php
@@ -309,26 +309,26 @@ static public function extractTagAttributes($tag_w_attrs, $return_tag_first = fa
 			
 			for ($i = 0; $i < $length; $i++)
 			{
-				if ($attrs{$i} == '=')
+				if ($attrs[$i] == '=')
 				{
 					$in_key = false;
 					$in_value = false;
 					$expect_value = true;
 				}
 				/*
-				else if ($attrs{$i} == '"' and $expect_value)
+				else if ($attrs[$i] == '"' and $expect_value)
 				{
 					$in_value = true;
 					$expect_value = false;
 				}
 				*/
-				/*else if ($attrs{$i} == '"' and $in_value)*/
-				else if (($attrs{$i} == '"' or $attrs{$i} == '\'') and $expect_value)
+				/*else if ($attrs[$i] == '"' and $in_value)*/
+				else if (($attrs[$i] == '"' or $attrs[$i] == '\'') and $expect_value)
 				{
 					$in_value = true;
 					$expect_value = false;
 				}
-				else if (($attrs{$i} == '"' or $attrs{$i} == '\'') and $in_value)
+				else if (($attrs[$i] == '"' or $attrs[$i] == '\'') and $in_value)
 				{
 					$attributes[trim($key)] = $value;
 					
@@ -338,18 +338,18 @@ static public function extractTagAttributes($tag_w_attrs, $return_tag_first = fa
 					$in_value = false;
 					$expect_key = true;
 				}
-				else if ($attrs{$i} == ' ' and $expect_key)
+				else if ($attrs[$i] == ' ' and $expect_key)
 				{
 					$expect_key = false;
 					$in_key = true;
 				}
 				else if ($in_key)
 				{
-					$key .= $attrs{$i};
+					$key .= $attrs[$i];
 				}
 				else if ($in_value)
 				{
-					$value .= $attrs{$i};
+					$value .= $attrs[$i];
 				}
 			}