Fetch.hs

{-# LANGUAGE BangPatterns, TypeFamilies, DataKinds, PolyKinds, TypeApplications, ScopedTypeVariables, ConstraintKinds, TypeOperators, GADTs, UndecidableInstances, StandaloneDeriving, FunctionalDependencies, FlexibleContexts, InstanceSigs, AllowAmbiguousTypes, DeriveAnyClass #-}
{-|
Module: IHP.Fetch
Description: fetch, fetchOne, fetchOneOrNothing and friends
Copyright: (c) digitally induced GmbH, 2020

This modules builds on top of 'IHP.QueryBuilder' and provides functions to fetch a query builder.

For more complex sql queries, use 'IHP.ModelSupport.sqlQuery'.
-}
module IHP.Fetch
( findManyBy
, findMaybeBy
, findBy
, In (In)
, genericFetchId
, genericfetchIdOneOrNothing
, genericFetchIdOne
, Fetchable (..)
, genericFetchIds
, genericfetchIdsOneOrNothing
, genericFetchIdsOne
, fetchCount
, fetchExists
, fetchSQLQuery
, fetchLatest
, fetchLatestBy
)
where

import IHP.Prelude
import Database.PostgreSQL.Simple.Types (Query (Query))
import Database.PostgreSQL.Simple.FromField hiding (Field, name)
import Database.PostgreSQL.Simple.ToField
import qualified Database.PostgreSQL.Simple as PG
import IHP.ModelSupport
import IHP.QueryBuilder

class Fetchable fetchable model | fetchable -> model where
    type FetchResult fetchable model
    fetch :: (Table model, PG.FromRow model, ?modelContext :: ModelContext) => fetchable -> IO (FetchResult fetchable model)
    fetchOneOrNothing :: (Table model, PG.FromRow model, ?modelContext :: ModelContext) => fetchable -> IO (Maybe model)
    fetchOne :: (Table model, PG.FromRow model, ?modelContext :: ModelContext) => fetchable -> IO model

-- The instance declaration had to be split up because a type variable ranging over HasQueryBuilder instances is not allowed in the declaration of the associated type. The common*-functions reduce the redundancy to the necessary minimum.
instance (model ~ GetModelByTableName table, KnownSymbol table) => Fetchable (QueryBuilder table) model where
    type instance FetchResult (QueryBuilder table) model = [model]
    {-# INLINE fetch #-}
    fetch :: (Table model, PG.FromRow model, ?modelContext :: ModelContext) => QueryBuilder table -> IO [model]
    fetch = commonFetch 

    {-# INLINE fetchOneOrNothing #-}
    fetchOneOrNothing :: (?modelContext :: ModelContext) => (Table model, PG.FromRow model) => QueryBuilder table -> IO (Maybe model)
    fetchOneOrNothing = commonFetchOneOrNothing

    {-# INLINE fetchOne #-}
    fetchOne :: (?modelContext :: ModelContext) => (Table model, PG.FromRow model) => QueryBuilder table -> IO model
    fetchOne = commonFetchOne

instance (model ~ GetModelByTableName table, KnownSymbol table) => Fetchable (JoinQueryBuilderWrapper r table) model where
    type instance FetchResult (JoinQueryBuilderWrapper r table) model = [model]
    {-# INLINE fetch #-}
    fetch :: (Table model, PG.FromRow model, ?modelContext :: ModelContext) => JoinQueryBuilderWrapper r table -> IO [model]
    fetch = commonFetch 

    {-# INLINE fetchOneOrNothing #-}
    fetchOneOrNothing :: (?modelContext :: ModelContext) => (Table model, PG.FromRow model) => JoinQueryBuilderWrapper r table -> IO (Maybe model)
    fetchOneOrNothing = commonFetchOneOrNothing

    {-# INLINE fetchOne #-}
    fetchOne :: (?modelContext :: ModelContext) => (Table model, PG.FromRow model) => JoinQueryBuilderWrapper r table -> IO model
    fetchOne = commonFetchOne

instance (model ~ GetModelByTableName table, KnownSymbol table) => Fetchable (NoJoinQueryBuilderWrapper table) model where
    type instance FetchResult (NoJoinQueryBuilderWrapper table) model = [model]
    {-# INLINE fetch #-}
    fetch :: (Table model, PG.FromRow model, ?modelContext :: ModelContext) => NoJoinQueryBuilderWrapper table -> IO [model]
    fetch = commonFetch 

    {-# INLINE fetchOneOrNothing #-}
    fetchOneOrNothing :: (?modelContext :: ModelContext) => (Table model, PG.FromRow model) => NoJoinQueryBuilderWrapper table -> IO (Maybe model)
    fetchOneOrNothing = commonFetchOneOrNothing

    {-# INLINE fetchOne #-}
    fetchOne :: (?modelContext :: ModelContext) => (Table model, PG.FromRow model) => NoJoinQueryBuilderWrapper table -> IO model
    fetchOne = commonFetchOne

instance (model ~ GetModelByTableName table, KnownSymbol table, FromField value, KnownSymbol foreignTable, foreignModel ~ GetModelByTableName foreignTable, KnownSymbol columnName, HasField columnName foreignModel value, HasQueryBuilder (LabeledQueryBuilderWrapper foreignTable columnName value) NoJoins) => Fetchable (LabeledQueryBuilderWrapper foreignTable columnName value table) model where
    type instance FetchResult (LabeledQueryBuilderWrapper foreignTable columnName value table) model = [LabeledData value model]
    -- fetch needs to return a list of labeled data. The 
    {-# INLINE fetch #-}
    fetch :: (Table model, PG.FromRow model, ?modelContext :: ModelContext) => LabeledQueryBuilderWrapper foreignTable columnName value table -> IO [LabeledData value model]
    fetch !queryBuilderProvider = do
        let !(theQuery, theParameters) = queryBuilderProvider
                |> toSQL
        trackTableRead (tableNameByteString @model)
        sqlQuery @_ @(LabeledData value model) (Query $ cs theQuery) theParameters

    {-# INLINE fetchOneOrNothing #-}
    fetchOneOrNothing :: (?modelContext :: ModelContext) => (Table model, PG.FromRow model) => LabeledQueryBuilderWrapper foreignTable columnName value table -> IO (Maybe model)
    fetchOneOrNothing = commonFetchOneOrNothing

    {-# INLINE fetchOne #-}
    fetchOne :: (?modelContext :: ModelContext) => (Table model, PG.FromRow model) => LabeledQueryBuilderWrapper foreignTable columnName value table -> IO model
    fetchOne = commonFetchOne



{-# INLINE commonFetch #-}
commonFetch :: forall model table queryBuilderProvider joinRegister. (Table model, HasQueryBuilder queryBuilderProvider joinRegister, model ~ GetModelByTableName table, KnownSymbol table, PG.FromRow model, ?modelContext :: ModelContext) => queryBuilderProvider table -> IO [model]
commonFetch !queryBuilder = do
    let !(theQuery, theParameters) = queryBuilder
            |> toSQL
    trackTableRead (tableNameByteString @model)
    sqlQuery (Query $ cs theQuery) theParameters

{-# INLINE commonFetchOneOrNothing #-}
commonFetchOneOrNothing :: forall model table queryBuilderProvider joinRegister. (?modelContext :: ModelContext) => (Table model, KnownSymbol table, HasQueryBuilder queryBuilderProvider joinRegister, PG.FromRow model) => queryBuilderProvider table -> IO (Maybe model)
commonFetchOneOrNothing !queryBuilder = do
    let !(theQuery, theParameters) = queryBuilder
            |> buildQuery
            |> setJust #limitClause "LIMIT 1"
            |> toSQL'
    trackTableRead (tableNameByteString @model)
    results <- sqlQuery (Query $ cs theQuery) theParameters
    pure $ listToMaybe results

{-# INLINE commonFetchOne #-}
commonFetchOne :: forall model table queryBuilderProvider joinRegister. (?modelContext :: ModelContext) => (Table model, KnownSymbol table, Fetchable (queryBuilderProvider table) model, HasQueryBuilder queryBuilderProvider joinRegister, PG.FromRow model) => queryBuilderProvider table -> IO model
commonFetchOne !queryBuilder = do
    maybeModel <- fetchOneOrNothing queryBuilder
    case maybeModel of
        Just model -> pure model
        Nothing -> throwIO RecordNotFoundException { queryAndParams = toSQL queryBuilder }


-- | Returns the count of records selected by the query builder.
--
-- __Example:__ Counting all users.
--
-- > allUsersCount <- query @User |> fetchCount -- SELECT COUNT(*) FROM users
--
--
-- __Example:__ Counting all active projects
--
-- >     activeProjectsCount <- query @Project
-- >         |> filterWhere (#isActive, True)
-- >         |> fetchCount
-- >     -- SELECT COUNT(*) FROM projects WHERE is_active = true
fetchCount :: forall table queryBuilderProvider joinRegister. (?modelContext :: ModelContext, KnownSymbol table, HasQueryBuilder queryBuilderProvider joinRegister) => queryBuilderProvider table -> IO Int
fetchCount !queryBuilder = do
    let !(theQuery', theParameters) = toSQL' (buildQuery queryBuilder)
    let theQuery = "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM (" <> theQuery' <> ") AS _count_values"
    trackTableRead (symbolToByteString @table)
    [PG.Only count] <- sqlQuery (Query $! cs theQuery) theParameters
    pure count
{-# INLINE fetchCount #-}

-- | Checks whether the query has any results.
--
-- Returns @True@ when there is at least one row matching the conditions of the query. Returns @False@ otherwise.
--
-- __Example:__ Checking whether there are unread messages
--
-- >     hasUnreadMessages <- query @Message
-- >         |> filterWhere (#isUnread, True)
-- >         |> fetchExists
-- >     -- SELECT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM messages WHERE is_unread = true)
fetchExists :: forall table queryBuilderProvider joinRegister. (?modelContext :: ModelContext, KnownSymbol table, HasQueryBuilder queryBuilderProvider joinRegister) => queryBuilderProvider table -> IO Bool
fetchExists !queryBuilder = do
    let !(theQuery', theParameters) = toSQL' (buildQuery queryBuilder)
    let theQuery = "SELECT EXISTS (" <> theQuery' <> ") AS _exists_values"
    trackTableRead (symbolToByteString @table)
    [PG.Only exists] <- sqlQuery (Query $! cs theQuery) theParameters
    pure exists
{-# INLINE fetchExists #-}

{-# INLINE genericFetchId #-}
genericFetchId :: forall table model. (Table model, KnownSymbol table, PG.FromRow model, ?modelContext :: ModelContext, FilterPrimaryKey table, model ~ GetModelByTableName table, GetTableName model ~ table) => Id' table -> IO [model]
genericFetchId !id = query @model |> filterWhereId id |> fetch

{-# INLINE genericfetchIdOneOrNothing #-}
genericfetchIdOneOrNothing :: forall table model. (Table model, KnownSymbol table, PG.FromRow model, ?modelContext :: ModelContext, FilterPrimaryKey table, model ~ GetModelByTableName table, GetTableName model ~ table) => Id' table -> IO (Maybe model)
genericfetchIdOneOrNothing !id = query @model |> filterWhereId id |> fetchOneOrNothing

{-# INLINE genericFetchIdOne #-}
genericFetchIdOne :: forall table model. (Table model, KnownSymbol table, PG.FromRow model, ?modelContext :: ModelContext, FilterPrimaryKey table, model ~ GetModelByTableName table, GetTableName model ~ table) => Id' table -> IO model
genericFetchIdOne !id = query @model |> filterWhereId id |> fetchOne

{-# INLINE genericFetchIds #-}
genericFetchIds :: forall table model. (Table model, KnownSymbol table, PG.FromRow model, ?modelContext :: ModelContext, model ~ GetModelByTableName table, GetTableName model ~ table) => [Id model] -> IO [model]
genericFetchIds !ids = query @model |> filterWhereIdIn ids |> fetch

{-# INLINE genericfetchIdsOneOrNothing #-}
genericfetchIdsOneOrNothing :: forall table model. (Table model, KnownSymbol table, PG.FromRow model, ?modelContext :: ModelContext, model ~ GetModelByTableName table, GetTableName model ~ table) => [Id model] -> IO (Maybe model)
genericfetchIdsOneOrNothing !ids = query @model |> filterWhereIdIn ids |> fetchOneOrNothing

{-# INLINE genericFetchIdsOne #-}
genericFetchIdsOne :: forall table model. (Table model, KnownSymbol table, PG.FromRow model, ?modelContext :: ModelContext, model ~ GetModelByTableName table, GetTableName model ~ table) => [Id model] -> IO model
genericFetchIdsOne !ids = query @model |> filterWhereIdIn ids |> fetchOne

{-# INLINE findBy #-}
findBy !field !value !queryBuilder = queryBuilder |> filterWhere (field, value) |> fetchOne

{-# INLINE findMaybeBy #-}
findMaybeBy !field !value !queryBuilder = queryBuilder |> filterWhere (field, value) |> fetchOneOrNothing

--findManyBy :: (?modelContext :: ModelContext, PG.FromRow model, KnownSymbol name, ToField value, HasField name value model) => Proxy name -> value -> QueryBuilder model -> IO [model]
{-# INLINE findManyBy #-}
findManyBy !field !value !queryBuilder = queryBuilder |> filterWhere (field, value) |> fetch
-- Step.findOneByWorkflowId id    ==    queryBuilder |> findBy #templateId id

instance (model ~ GetModelById (Id' table), GetTableName model ~ table, FilterPrimaryKey table) => Fetchable (Id' table) model where
    type FetchResult (Id' table) model = model
    {-# INLINE fetch #-}
    fetch = genericFetchIdOne
    {-# INLINE fetchOneOrNothing #-}
    fetchOneOrNothing = genericfetchIdOneOrNothing
    {-# INLINE fetchOne #-}
    fetchOne = genericFetchIdOne

instance (model ~ GetModelById (Id' table), GetTableName model ~ table, FilterPrimaryKey table) => Fetchable (Maybe (Id' table)) model where
    type FetchResult (Maybe (Id' table)) model = [model]
    {-# INLINE fetch #-}
    fetch (Just a) = genericFetchId a
    fetch Nothing = pure []
    {-# INLINE fetchOneOrNothing #-}
    fetchOneOrNothing Nothing = pure Nothing
    fetchOneOrNothing (Just a) = genericfetchIdOneOrNothing a
    {-# INLINE fetchOne #-}
    fetchOne (Just a) = genericFetchIdOne a
    fetchOne Nothing = error "Fetchable (Maybe Id): Failed to fetch because given id is 'Nothing', 'Just id' was expected"

instance (model ~ GetModelById (Id' table), GetModelByTableName table ~ model, GetTableName model ~ table) => Fetchable [Id' table] model where
    type FetchResult [Id' table] model = [model]
    {-# INLINE fetch #-}
    fetch = genericFetchIds
    {-# INLINE fetchOneOrNothing #-}
    fetchOneOrNothing = genericfetchIdsOneOrNothing
    {-# INLINE fetchOne #-}
    fetchOne = genericFetchIdsOne

fetchSQLQuery :: (PG.FromRow model, ?modelContext :: ModelContext) => SQLQuery -> IO [model]
fetchSQLQuery theQuery = do
    let (sql, theParameters) = toSQL' theQuery
    trackTableRead (theQuery.selectFrom)
    sqlQuery (Query $ cs sql) theParameters

-- | Returns the latest record or Nothing
--
-- __Example:__
--
-- > latestUser <-
-- >     query @User
-- >         |> fetchLatest
-- >
--
-- 'fetchLatest' is mainly a shortcut for code like this:
--
-- > latestUser <-
-- >     query @User
-- >         |> orderByDesc #createdAt
-- >         |> fetchOneOrNothing
--
fetchLatest :: forall table queryBuilderProvider joinRegister model.
    ( ?modelContext :: ModelContext
    , model ~ GetModelByTableName table
    , KnownSymbol table
    , HasQueryBuilder queryBuilderProvider joinRegister
    , HasField "createdAt" model UTCTime
    , Fetchable (queryBuilderProvider table) model
    , Table model
    , FromRow model
    ) => queryBuilderProvider table -> IO (Maybe model)
fetchLatest queryBuilder = queryBuilder |> fetchLatestBy #createdAt

-- | Provided a field name, it returns the latest record or Nothing
--
-- See 'fetchLatest' if you're looking for the latest record by the createdAt timestamp.
--
-- __Example:__
--
-- > latestTrialUser <-
-- >     query @User
-- >         |> fetchLatestBy #trialStartedAt
-- >
--
-- 'fetchLatestBy' is mainly a shortcut for code like this:
--
-- > latestUser <-
-- >     query @User
-- >         |> orderByDesc #trialStartedAt
-- >         |> fetchOneOrNothing
--
fetchLatestBy :: forall table createdAt queryBuilderProvider joinRegister model.
    ( ?modelContext :: ModelContext
    , KnownSymbol createdAt
    , model ~ GetModelByTableName table
    , KnownSymbol table
    , HasQueryBuilder queryBuilderProvider joinRegister
    , HasField createdAt model UTCTime
    , Fetchable (queryBuilderProvider table) model
    , Table model
    , FromRow model
    ) => Proxy createdAt -> queryBuilderProvider table -> IO (Maybe model)
fetchLatestBy field queryBuilder =
    queryBuilder
    |> orderByDesc field
    |> fetchOneOrNothing