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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Vermicomposting</title>
<link rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" href="assets/logo.jpg">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="styles/styles.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="styles/vimi.css">
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</head>
<body>
<nav class="header-nav">
<div class="branding">
<img src="assets/logo.jpg" alt="">
<h1 class="brand-name">AGSAIMO</h1>
</div>
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<a href="index.html" class="nav-btn">Home</a>
<a href="index.html#about-us" class="nav-btn">About</a>
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<h1 class="head">Vermicomposting Information</h1>
<div class="vermi-container" data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-duration="3000">
<h1>1. Introduction
</h1>
<div class="separator">
<div class="sep-line"></div>
</div>
<p>
1.1 Vermicomposting is basically a managed process of worms digesting organic
matter to transform the material into a beneficial soil amendment. As per the
USDA guidelines for compost practices (with effect from Oct 21, 2002),
vermicomposts are defined as organic matter of plant and/or animal origin
consisting mainly of finely-divided earthworm castings, produced nonthermophilically with biooxidation and stabilization of the organic material, due to
interactions between aerobic microorganism and earthworms, as the materials
pass through the earthworm gut.
</p>
<p>
1.2 Good quality compost production in ambient temperature can be accomplished
in shorter time by the process of vermicomposting that involves use of proper
species of earthworms. The native cellulase activity of earthworms and
microorganisms in earthworm gut promote faster decomposition of ingested
organic material. The combined effect of enzymatic activity and grinding of
organic materials to fineness by earthworms produces the vermicomposting and
this is not observed in compost pits without earthworm.
</p>
<p>
1.3 The earthworms being voracious eaters consume the biodegradable matter and
give out a part of the matter as excreta or vermi-castings. The vermi-casting
containing nutrients is a rich manure for the plants. Vermicompost, apart from
supplying nutrients and growth enhancing hormones to plants, improves the soil
structure leading to increase in water and nutrient holding capacities of soil.
Fruits, flowers and vegetables and other plant products grown using vermicompost are reported to have better keeping quality. A growing number of
individuals and institutions are taking interest in the production of vermicompost
utilising earthworm activity. As the operational cost of production of this compost
works out to less than ` 2.0/Kg., it is quite profitable to sell the compost even at
` 4.00 to ` 4.50/Kg.
</p>
</div>
<div class="vermi-container" data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-duration="3000">
<h1>2. Process
</h1>
<div class="separator">
<div class="sep-line"></div>
</div>
<p>2.1 The process of composting crop residues / agri wastes using earthworms
comprise spreading the agricultural wastes and cow dung in gradually built up
shallow layers. The pits are kept shallow to avoid heat built-up that could kill
earthworms. To enable earthworms to transform the material relatively faster a
temperature of around 300
C is maintained. The final product generated by this
process is called vermicompost which essentially consist of the casts made by
earthworms eating the raw organic materials. The process consists of constructing
brick lined beds generally of 0.9 to 1.5 m width and 0.25 to 0.3 m height are
constructed inside a shed open from all sides. For commercial production, the
beds can be prepared with 15 m length, 1.5 m width and 0.6 m height spread
equally below and above the ground. While the length of the beds can be made as
per convenience, the width and height cannot be increased as an increased width
affects the ease </p>
<p>2.2 Cow dung and farm waste can be placed in layers to make a heap of about 0.6
to 0.9 m height. Earthworms are introduced in between the layers @ 350 worms
per m3
of bed volume that weighs nearly 1 Kg. The beds are maintained at about
2
40-50% moisture content and a temperature of 20–30o
C by sprinkling water over
the beds. <br> <br>
2.3 When the commercial scale production is aimed at, in addition to the cost of
production, considerable amount has to be invested initially on capital items. The
capital cost may work out to about `5000 to `6000 for every tonne of
vermicompost production capacity. The high unit capital cost is due to the fact
that large units require considerable expenditure on preparation of vermi beds,
shed to provide shelter to these beds and machinery. However these expenditures
are incurred only once. <br> <br>
2.4 Under the operational cost, transportation of raw materials as also the
finished product are the key activities. When the source organic wastes and dung
are away from the production facility and the finished product requires
transportation to far off places before being marketed, the operational cost would
increase.<br> <br>
2.5 However, in most of the cases, the activity is viable and bankable. Following
are the items required to be considered while setting up a unit for production of
vermi-compost. </p>
</div>
<div class="vermi-container" data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-duration="3000">
<h1>3. About the worms
</h1>
<div class="separator">
<div class="sep-line"></div>
<p>3.1 Of about 350 species of earth worms in India with various food and burrowing
habits Eisenia fetida, Eudrilus eugeniae and Perionyx excavatus are some of the
species that are reared to convert organic wastes into manure. A combination of
epigeic species that form no permanent burrows and live on the surface, anecic
that form semi-permanent and vertical burrows extending from the surface and
endogeic that typically live throughout the deeper layers may be considered.
<br><br>
3.2 The worms feed on any biodegradable matter and vermicomposting units are
ideally suited for locations / units with generation of considerable quantities of
organic wastes. One earthworm reaching reproductive age of about six weeks lays
one egg capsule (containing 7 embryos) every 7-10 days. Three to seven worms
emerge out of each capsule. Thus, the multiplication of worms under optimum
growth conditions is very fast. The worms live for about 2 years. Fully grown
worms could be separated and dried in an oven to make 'worm meal' which is a
rich source of protein (70%) for use in animal feed.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vermi-container" style="margin-bottom: 200px;" data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-duration="3000">
<h1>4. Location
</h1>
<div class="separator">
<div class="line"></div>
<p>Rural areas with predominance of agriculture, suburbs of cities and peri urban
villages are considered ideal locations for setting up of vermicomposting units on a
larger scale from the view point of availability of raw material and marketing of
the produce. As use of the compost is said to have ameliorative effect more
particularly on fruit, vegetable, plantation and ornamental crops, vermicomposting units may be located in areas with concentration of fruit and
vegetable growers and floriculture units. Further, the nearness to a commercial
dairy unit or large concentration of cattle population will have an added
advantage of cheap raw material i.e. cow dung.</p>
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