diff --git a/MetadataExtractor/Formats/Heif/HeifMetadataReader.cs b/MetadataExtractor/Formats/Heif/HeifMetadataReader.cs
index 098bbb68c..349af7486 100644
--- a/MetadataExtractor/Formats/Heif/HeifMetadataReader.cs
+++ b/MetadataExtractor/Formats/Heif/HeifMetadataReader.cs
@@ -34,8 +34,9 @@ public static IReadOnlyList<Directory> ReadMetadata(Stream stream)
             ParseQuickTimeTest();
 
             uint primaryItem = boxes.Descendant<PrimaryItemBox>()?.PrimaryItem ?? uint.MaxValue;
-            var itemRefs = (boxes.Descendant<ItemReferenceBox>()?.Boxes ?? new SingleItemTypeReferenceBox[0])
-                .Where(i => i.Type is BoxTypes.ThmbTag or BoxTypes.CdscTag or BoxTypes.MimeTag).ToList();
+            var itemRefs = (boxes.Descendant<ItemReferenceBox>()?.Boxes ?? Array.Empty<SingleItemTypeReferenceBox>())
+                .Where(i => i.Type is BoxTypes.ThmbTag or BoxTypes.CdscTag or BoxTypes.MimeTag)
+                .ToList();
 
             ParseImageProperties();
 
diff --git a/MetadataExtractor/Formats/QuickTime/QuickTimeTypeChecker.cs b/MetadataExtractor/Formats/QuickTime/QuickTimeTypeChecker.cs
index fa69b6d71..3d1c54bba 100644
--- a/MetadataExtractor/Formats/QuickTime/QuickTimeTypeChecker.cs
+++ b/MetadataExtractor/Formats/QuickTime/QuickTimeTypeChecker.cs
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ namespace MetadataExtractor.Formats.QuickTime
     /// <author>Dmitry Shechtman</author>
     internal sealed class QuickTimeTypeChecker : ITypeChecker
     {
-        private static readonly ByteTrie<Util.FileType> _ftypTrie = new(Util.FileType.QuickTime)
+        private static readonly ByteTrie<Util.FileType> _ftypTrie = new(defaultValue: Util.FileType.QuickTime)
         {
             // http://www.ftyps.com