diff --git a/.changeset/sour-points-refuse.md b/.changeset/sour-points-refuse.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..be2775ca0b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/sour-points-refuse.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+"app-builder-lib": patch
+---
+
+fix: only sign concurrently when using local signtool. azure can't be in parallel due to resources being locked during usage
diff --git a/packages/app-builder-lib/src/codeSign/windowsCodeSign.ts b/packages/app-builder-lib/src/codeSign/windowsCodeSign.ts
index 392e8812fa5..037f79cd273 100644
--- a/packages/app-builder-lib/src/codeSign/windowsCodeSign.ts
+++ b/packages/app-builder-lib/src/codeSign/windowsCodeSign.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { log } from "builder-util"
+import { log, retry } from "builder-util"
 import { WindowsConfiguration } from "../options/winOptions"
 import { VmManager } from "../vm/vm"
 import { WinPackager } from "../winPackager"
@@ -11,7 +11,8 @@ export interface WindowsSignOptions {
 export async function signWindows(options: WindowsSignOptions, packager: WinPackager): Promise<boolean> {
   if (options.options.azureSignOptions) {
     log.info({ path: log.filePath(options.path) }, "signing with Azure Trusted Signing (beta)")
-    return (await packager.azureSignManager.value).signUsingAzureTrustedSigning(options)
+    const packageManager = await packager.azureSignManager.value
+    return signWithRetry(async () => packageManager.signUsingAzureTrustedSigning(options))
   }
 
   log.info({ path: log.filePath(options.path) }, "signing with signtool.exe")
@@ -34,7 +35,24 @@ export async function signWindows(options: WindowsSignOptions, packager: WinPack
   if (fields.length) {
     log.warn({ fields, reason: "please move to win.signtoolOptions.<field_name>" }, `deprecated field`)
   }
-  return (await packager.signtoolManager.value).signUsingSigntool(options)
+  const packageManager = await packager.signtoolManager.value
+  return signWithRetry(async () => packageManager.signUsingSigntool(options))
+}
+
+function signWithRetry(signer: () => Promise<boolean>): Promise<boolean> {
+  return retry(signer, 3, 1000, 1000, 0, (e: any) => {
+    const message = e.message
+    if (
+      // https://github.com/electron-userland/electron-builder/issues/1414
+      message?.includes("Couldn't resolve host name") ||
+      // https://github.com/electron-userland/electron-builder/issues/8615
+      message?.includes("being used by another process.")
+    ) {
+      log.warn({ error: message }, "attempt to sign failed, another attempt will be made")
+      return true
+    }
+    return false
+  })
 }
 
 export async function getPSCmd(vm: VmManager): Promise<string> {
diff --git a/packages/app-builder-lib/src/winPackager.ts b/packages/app-builder-lib/src/winPackager.ts
index 5331705b392..a09a365610a 100644
--- a/packages/app-builder-lib/src/winPackager.ts
+++ b/packages/app-builder-lib/src/winPackager.ts
@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
-import BluebirdPromise from "bluebird-lst"
-import { Arch, InvalidConfigurationError, log, use, executeAppBuilder, CopyFileTransformer, FileTransformer, walk, retry } from "builder-util"
+import { Arch, CopyFileTransformer, executeAppBuilder, FileTransformer, InvalidConfigurationError, use, walk } from "builder-util"
 import { createHash } from "crypto"
 import { readdir } from "fs/promises"
 import * as isCI from "is-ci"
 import { Lazy } from "lazy-val"
 import * as path from "path"
+import { signWindows, WindowsSignOptions } from "./codeSign/windowsCodeSign"
+import { WindowsSignAzureManager } from "./codeSign/windowsSignAzureManager"
 import { FileCodeSigningInfo, getSignVendorPath, WindowsSignToolManager } from "./codeSign/windowsSignToolManager"
 import { AfterPackContext } from "./configuration"
 import { DIR_TARGET, Platform, Target } from "./core"
@@ -23,9 +24,6 @@ import { isBuildCacheEnabled } from "./util/flags"
 import { time } from "./util/timer"
 import { getWindowsVm, VmManager } from "./vm/vm"
 import { execWine } from "./wine"
-import { signWindows } from "./codeSign/windowsCodeSign"
-import { WindowsSignOptions } from "./codeSign/windowsCodeSign"
-import { WindowsSignAzureManager } from "./codeSign/windowsSignAzureManager"
 
 export class WinPackager extends PlatformPackager<WindowsConfiguration> {
   _iconPath = new Lazy(() => this.getOrConvertIcon("ico"))
@@ -128,7 +126,7 @@ export class WinPackager extends PlatformPackager<WindowsConfiguration> {
       options: this.platformSpecificBuildOptions,
     }
 
-    const didSignSuccessfully = await this.doSign(signOptions)
+    const didSignSuccessfully = await signWindows(signOptions, this)
     if (!didSignSuccessfully && this.forceCodeSigning) {
       throw new InvalidConfigurationError(
         `App is not signed and "forceCodeSigning" is set to true, please ensure that code signing configuration is correct, please see https://electron.build/code-signing`
@@ -137,25 +135,6 @@ export class WinPackager extends PlatformPackager<WindowsConfiguration> {
     return didSignSuccessfully
   }
 
-  private async doSign(options: WindowsSignOptions) {
-    return retry(
-      () => signWindows(options, this),
-      3,
-      500,
-      500,
-      0,
-      (e: any) => {
-        // https://github.com/electron-userland/electron-builder/issues/1414
-        const message = e.message
-        if (message != null && message.includes("Couldn't resolve host name")) {
-          log.warn({ error: message }, `cannot sign`)
-          return true
-        }
-        return false
-      }
-    )
-  }
-
   async signAndEditResources(file: string, arch: Arch, outDir: string, internalName?: string | null, requestedExecutionLevel?: RequestedExecutionLevel | null) {
     const appInfo = this.appInfo
 
@@ -267,9 +246,10 @@ export class WinPackager extends PlatformPackager<WindowsConfiguration> {
       return false
     }
 
-    await BluebirdPromise.map(readdir(packContext.appOutDir), (file: string): any => {
+    const files = await readdir(packContext.appOutDir)
+    for (const file of files) {
       if (file === exeFileName) {
-        return this.signAndEditResources(
+        await this.signAndEditResources(
           path.join(packContext.appOutDir, exeFileName),
           packContext.arch,
           packContext.outDir,
@@ -277,10 +257,9 @@ export class WinPackager extends PlatformPackager<WindowsConfiguration> {
           this.platformSpecificBuildOptions.requestedExecutionLevel
         )
       } else if (this.shouldSignFile(file)) {
-        return this.sign(path.join(packContext.appOutDir, file))
+        await this.sign(path.join(packContext.appOutDir, file))
       }
-      return null
-    })
+    }
 
     if (!isAsar) {
       return true
@@ -291,7 +270,9 @@ export class WinPackager extends PlatformPackager<WindowsConfiguration> {
       return walk(outDir, (file, stat) => stat.isDirectory() || this.shouldSignFile(file))
     }
     const filesToSign = await Promise.all([filesPromise(["resources", "app.asar.unpacked"]), filesPromise(["swiftshader"])])
-    await BluebirdPromise.map(filesToSign.flat(1), file => this.sign(file), { concurrency: 4 })
+    for (const file of filesToSign.flat(1)) {
+      await this.sign(file)
+    }
 
     return true
   }