This repository contains notes and information about various mental disorders. The purpose of this repository is to provide a comprehensive overview of different mental health conditions, their symptoms, causes, and treatment options. It aims to raise awareness and understanding of mental health issues.
- Anxiety disorders
- Depression
- Bipolar disorder
- Schizophrenia
- Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
- Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
- Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
- Borderline personality disorder
- Narcissistic personality disorder
- Autism spectrum disorder
- Ophidianthropy
- Pareidolia
- Apophenia
- Dysautonomia
- Paranoia
- Clubbing disorder
- Alcohol-use-disorder
- Grandiose Delusions (GOD)
- Persecutory Delusions
- Korsakoff syndrome (KS)
- Munchausen Syndrome (Factitious Disorder Imposed on Self)
- Talking Head Syndrome
- Exploding Head Syndrome (EHS)
- Illness anxiety disorder (hypochondria)
- Psychosomatic disorder
- Conversion disorder
- Things aren't what they look like disorder
- Exploding Head Syndrome
- Psychology Experiments
Excessive fear and worry
A depressed mood, loss of interest in activities, and other symptoms
Alternating depressive episodes with manic symptoms
A complex psychotic disorder that impacts perception and behavior
A mental disorder
A mental disorder
A mental disorder
A mental disorder
A mental disorder
A mental disorder
A self-identity disorder
好兄弟 disorder
好姊妹 disorder
Nervous disorder
A disorder of the central nervous system characterized by amnesia, deficits (an excess) in explicit memory, and confabulation (Korsakoff syndrome).
Definition: Munchausen Syndrome is a mental health disorder where individuals deliberately feign or induce illness, injury, or psychological distress in themselves. The goal is not material gain but to assume the "sick role" and receive attention, sympathy, or care from others.
Key Characteristics:
- Fabrication or Exaggeration of Symptoms:
- Pretending to have symptoms like pain, fever, or fatigue.
- Falsifying medical records or self-reporting untrue conditions.
- Self-Harm to Induce Symptoms:
- Inflicting injuries or ingesting substances to cause real medical issues.
- Tampering with diagnostic tests (e.g., contaminating urine samples).
- Frequent Hospital Visits:
- Moving between hospitals to avoid detection.
- Extensive knowledge of medical terminology or conditions.
- Need for Attention:
- Strong desire to be the center of care and concern.
- Often refuses to let others question or doubt their illness.
Causes: The exact cause of Munchausen Syndrome is unclear, but contributing factors include:
- Trauma or Neglect: A history of abuse or emotional neglect in childhood.
- Need for Validation: Seeking sympathy or care as a way to fill an emotional void.
- Underlying Disorders: Co-occurrence with personality disorders like borderline personality disorder (BPD).
Differentiation from Other Disorders:
- Hypochondria: Involves fear of having a serious illness, whereas Munchausen involves deliberate deceit.
- Malingering: Involves fabricating illness for external rewards (e.g., money or avoiding work), whereas Munchausen seeks emotional rewards like sympathy.
Diagnosis: Diagnosing Munchausen Syndrome is challenging, as patients often deny the behavior. A healthcare provider may:
- Review the patient’s medical history for inconsistencies.
- Observe interactions with medical staff.
- Consult with psychiatrists for psychological evaluation.
Treatment:
- Psychotherapy:
- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) to address underlying emotional needs and behaviors.
- Family therapy to improve support systems.
- Medication:
- Antidepressants or anti-anxiety medication if comorbid conditions are present.
- Close Monitoring:
- Coordination among healthcare providers to prevent unnecessary treatments or procedures.
Related Condition: Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy (Factitious Disorder Imposed on Another): This is a severe form where a caregiver (often a parent) induces or fabricates illness in someone else, usually a child, to gain attention or sympathy.
A chronic mental illness in which a person has an intense fear of having a serious medical condition, even if they have few or no symptoms. People with this disorder may misinterpret normal bodily functions as signs of illness.
A disorder in which stress makes a physical condition worse. The stress may or may not be related to physical ailments.
A disorder in which a person experiences symptoms such as numbness, blindness, or trouble walking that tend to come on suddenly. These symptoms may last for a long time or may go away quickly.
The phrase "things aren't what they look like" can metaphorically describe a range of psychological conditions or phenomena where perception, belief, or interpretation of reality is distorted. While there isn't a specific disorder with this exact name, several conditions and cognitive biases align with the idea of misinterpreting reality or appearances:
- Definition: A mental health condition where a person holds false beliefs (delusions) that are resistant to evidence or logic.
- Relation to Misinterpretation:
- The individual may firmly believe in a reality that others see as untrue, leading to "things not being what they seem" in their perspective.
- Examples:
- Believing they are being persecuted despite evidence to the contrary (paranoid delusions).
- Misinterpreting harmless actions as threatening or significant.
- Definition: A dissociative disorder where individuals feel detached from themselves (depersonalization) or their surroundings (derealization).
- Relation to Misinterpretation:
- The world may seem unreal, dreamlike, or distorted, making things feel as though they are not what they seem.
- Symptoms:
- A sense that the environment is foggy, artificial, or visually distorted.
- Feeling emotionally disconnected from reality.
- Definition: Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder characterized by hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thinking.
- Relation to Misinterpretation:
- Individuals may misinterpret sensory input or believe in alternate realities that don't align with objective truths.
- Examples:
- Hearing voices that aren't there.
- Believing in elaborate conspiracies without factual basis.
- Definition: Distorted ways of thinking that lead to misinterpretations of events or situations.
- Relation to Misinterpretation:
- Overgeneralizing, catastrophizing, or misreading social cues can make situations appear far from what they actually are.
- Examples:
- Believing someone is upset with you when they are just preoccupied.
- Assuming negative intent without clear evidence.
- Definition: A condition where visually impaired individuals experience vivid but false visual perceptions (hallucinations).
- Relation to Misinterpretation:
- The individual may initially believe the hallucinations are real until they realize they are illusions created by their brain.
- Definition: A rare condition where someone believes a familiar person has been replaced by an identical impostor.
- Relation to Misinterpretation:
- The person’s perception of loved ones or familiar surroundings is altered, leading to a sense that things are not what they seem.
- Definition: Believing that unrelated events are causally connected due to personal thoughts, wishes, or rituals.
- Relation to Misinterpretation:
- Situations may appear to carry hidden meanings or connections that aren’t grounded in reality.
- Examples:
- Believing that thinking negatively caused a bad event to occur.
- Definition: A psychological pattern where individuals doubt their accomplishments and fear being exposed as a fraud.
- Relation to Misinterpretation:
- People may feel their success is undeserved and attribute it to external factors, seeing their achievements as illusions.
It sounds like your eardrum is too sensitive
This section lists and describes various psychology experiment scripts available in this repository. These scripts are created using PsychoPy, a popular tool for creating experiments in psychology, neuroscience, and psychophysics.
This script simulates a conversation with a Chinese dictionary. Users can type questions, and the script generates responses that may be human-like or dictionary-based.
This script is designed to study imposter syndrome. Participants are presented with tasks and asked to rate their confidence and perceived competence after each task.
This script creates an interface with an "erase memory" button. When the button is clicked, it simulates erasing a list of memories.
This script creates a visual stimulus with gradient colors, simulating a shiny object. It is used to study visual perception and attention.
This script displays a series of messages to the participant, simulating a one-way communication scenario. It is used to study attention and memory.
This script creates visual stimuli representing limbs. It is used to study the perception of phantom limbs in individuals with amputations.
This script simulates a "show and tell" activity where participants describe an object or idea. It is used to study communication and descriptive abilities.
This script creates a visual stimulus with a red circle at the center of the screen. Participants are instructed to stare at the center, and the script is used to study visual fixation and attention.
We welcome contributions from the community! If you would like to contribute to this repository, please follow these steps:
- Fork the repository
- Create a new branch for your feature or bugfix
- Make your changes and commit them with clear and descriptive messages
- Push your changes to your forked repository
- Create a pull request to the main repository
If you encounter any issues or have suggestions for new features, please open an issue in the repository. Provide as much detail as possible to help us understand and address your request.
This script creates a text stimulus and plays a sound. It is used to study the interaction between visual and auditory stimuli.
This script simulates a decision-making task where participants press a button to make a random decision. It is used to study decision-making processes and randomness.