diff --git a/.circleci/config.yml b/.circleci/config.yml
index 1dd1a02227..4e2abc8f86 100644
--- a/.circleci/config.yml
+++ b/.circleci/config.yml
@@ -101,47 +101,6 @@ jobs:
             DOCKER_BUILD_ARGUMENTS="--cache-from securedrop-test-focal-py3:${fromtag:-latest}" securedrop/bin/dev-shell \
                   bash -c "/opt/venvs/securedrop-app-code/bin/pip3 install --require-hashes -r requirements/python3/develop-requirements.txt && make -C .. verify-mo"
 
-  translation-tests:
-    machine:
-      image: ubuntu-2004:current
-      enabled: true
-    environment:
-      DOCKER_API_VERSION: 1.24
-      BASE_OS: focal
-    parallelism: 21
-    steps:
-      - run:
-          name: Only run on translation pull requests
-          command: |
-            if [ "$CIRCLE_PR_USERNAME" != "weblate-fpf" ]; then
-                circleci-agent step halt
-            fi
-
-      - checkout
-      - *rebaseontarget
-      - *createcachedir
-      - *restorecache
-      - *loadimagelayers
-      - *dockerimagebuild
-      - *saveimagelayers
-      - *savecache
-
-      - run:
-          name: Run tests
-          command: |
-            sudo apt update && sudo apt install python3-sh python3-babel
-            NUM_SUPPORTED_LOCALES="$(make count-supported-locales)"
-            [[ "$NUM_SUPPORTED_LOCALES" -eq "$CIRCLE_NODE_TOTAL" ]] || { echo "Parallelism (${CIRCLE_NODE_TOTAL} must equal the number of supported languages (${NUM_SUPPORTED_LOCALES})."; exit 1; }
-            export LOCALES="$(make supported-locales | jq --raw-output 'join("\n")' | circleci tests split)"
-            fromtag=$(docker images | grep securedrop-test-focal-py3 | head -n1 | awk '{print $2}')
-            DOCKER_BUILD_ARGUMENTS="--cache-from securedrop-test-focal-py3:${fromtag:-latest}" make translation-test
-
-      - store_test_results:
-          path: ~/project/test-results
-
-      - store_artifacts:
-          path: ~/project/test-results
-
   staging-test-with-rebase:
     machine:
       image: ubuntu-2004:current
@@ -189,12 +148,6 @@ workflows:
           context:
             - circleci-slack
           <<: *slack-fail-post-step
-      - translation-tests:
-          requires:
-            - lint
-          context:
-            - circleci-slack
-          <<: *slack-fail-post-step
 
   nightly:
     triggers:
@@ -206,14 +159,3 @@ workflows:
                 - develop
     jobs:
       - staging-test-with-rebase
-
-  weekly:
-    triggers:
-      - schedule:
-          cron: "0 0 * * 0"
-          filters:
-            branches:
-              only:
-                - develop
-    jobs:
-      - translation-tests
diff --git a/.github/workflows/translation.yml b/.github/workflows/translation.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e28c61e61e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/translation.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+name: Translation
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - 'l10n-*'
+  pull_request:
+  schedule:
+    # Weekly on Sundays
+    - cron: '0 3 * * 0'
+
+# Only build for latest push/PR unless it's main or release/
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/main' && !startsWith( github.ref, 'refs/heads/release/' ) }}
+
+jobs:
+  locales:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      locales: ${{ steps.locales.outputs.locales }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Generate locale list
+        id: locales
+        run: |
+          # We only want to run if it's:
+          # 1. A pull request from the weblate-fpf user
+          # 2. A scheduled run
+          # 3. A push to a `l10n-*` branch
+          # Two and Three are checked above, so we just need to check One.
+          if [ "${{ github.event_name }}" = "pull_request" ] && [ "${{ github.actor }}" = "weblate-fpf" ]; then
+            echo "locales=$(make supported-locales)" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          else
+            if [ "${{ github.event_name }}" != "pull_request" ]; then
+              echo "locales=$(make supported-locales)" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              # skip: non weblate-fpf PR, just output an empty list
+              echo "locales=[]" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          fi
+
+  test:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    needs: locales
+    # If we're in the skip case above, we'll have an empty list
+    if: "join(fromJSON(needs.locales.outputs.locales), '') != ''"
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        locale: ${{ fromJson(needs.locales.outputs.locales) }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Build image
+        run: |
+          DOCKER_BUILD_VERBOSE=true ./securedrop/bin/dev-shell true
+      - name: Run translation tests
+        run: |
+          LOCALES="${{ matrix.locale }}" make translation-test