diff --git a/src/google/adk/a2a/converters/utils.py b/src/google/adk/a2a/converters/utils.py
index ecbff1e10..3c38e9962 100644
--- a/src/google/adk/a2a/converters/utils.py
+++ b/src/google/adk/a2a/converters/utils.py
@@ -45,8 +45,15 @@ def _to_a2a_context_id(app_name: str, user_id: str, session_id: str) -> str:
 
   Returns:
     The A2A context id.
+
+  Raises:
+    ValueError: If any of the input parameters are empty or None.
   """
-  return [ADK_CONTEXT_ID_PREFIX, app_name, user_id, session_id].join("$")
+  if not all([app_name, user_id, session_id]):
+    raise ValueError(
+        "All parameters (app_name, user_id, session_id) must be non-empty"
+    )
+  return "$".join([ADK_CONTEXT_ID_PREFIX, app_name, user_id, session_id])
 
 
 def _from_a2a_context_id(context_id: str) -> tuple[str, str, str]:
@@ -64,8 +71,16 @@ def _from_a2a_context_id(context_id: str) -> tuple[str, str, str]:
   if not context_id:
     return None, None, None
 
-  prefix, app_name, user_id, session_id = context_id.split("$")
-  if prefix == "ADK" and app_name and user_id and session_id:
-    return app_name, user_id, session_id
+  try:
+    parts = context_id.split("$")
+    if len(parts) != 4:
+      return None, None, None
+
+    prefix, app_name, user_id, session_id = parts
+    if prefix == ADK_CONTEXT_ID_PREFIX and app_name and user_id and session_id:
+      return app_name, user_id, session_id
+  except ValueError:
+    # Handle any split errors gracefully
+    pass
 
   return None, None, None
diff --git a/tests/unittests/a2a/converters/test_utils.py b/tests/unittests/a2a/converters/test_utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..142ce563c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unittests/a2a/converters/test_utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,212 @@
+# Copyright 2025 Google LLC
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import sys
+import pytest
+
+# Skip all tests in this module if Python version is less than 3.10
+pytestmark = pytest.mark.skipif(
+    sys.version_info < (3, 10), reason="A2A requires Python 3.10+"
+)
+
+from google.adk.a2a.converters.utils import _from_a2a_context_id
+from google.adk.a2a.converters.utils import _get_adk_metadata_key
+from google.adk.a2a.converters.utils import _to_a2a_context_id
+from google.adk.a2a.converters.utils import ADK_CONTEXT_ID_PREFIX
+from google.adk.a2a.converters.utils import ADK_METADATA_KEY_PREFIX
+import pytest
+
+
+class TestUtilsFunctions:
+  """Test suite for utils module functions."""
+
+  def test_get_adk_metadata_key_success(self):
+    """Test successful metadata key generation."""
+    key = "test_key"
+    result = _get_adk_metadata_key(key)
+    assert result == f"{ADK_METADATA_KEY_PREFIX}{key}"
+
+  def test_get_adk_metadata_key_empty_string(self):
+    """Test metadata key generation with empty string."""
+    with pytest.raises(
+        ValueError, match="Metadata key cannot be empty or None"
+    ):
+      _get_adk_metadata_key("")
+
+  def test_get_adk_metadata_key_none(self):
+    """Test metadata key generation with None."""
+    with pytest.raises(
+        ValueError, match="Metadata key cannot be empty or None"
+    ):
+      _get_adk_metadata_key(None)
+
+  def test_get_adk_metadata_key_whitespace(self):
+    """Test metadata key generation with whitespace string."""
+    key = "   "
+    result = _get_adk_metadata_key(key)
+    assert result == f"{ADK_METADATA_KEY_PREFIX}{key}"
+
+  def test_to_a2a_context_id_success(self):
+    """Test successful context ID generation."""
+    app_name = "test-app"
+    user_id = "test-user"
+    session_id = "test-session"
+
+    result = _to_a2a_context_id(app_name, user_id, session_id)
+
+    expected = f"{ADK_CONTEXT_ID_PREFIX}$test-app$test-user$test-session"
+    assert result == expected
+
+  def test_to_a2a_context_id_empty_app_name(self):
+    """Test context ID generation with empty app name."""
+    with pytest.raises(
+        ValueError,
+        match=(
+            "All parameters \\(app_name, user_id, session_id\\) must be"
+            " non-empty"
+        ),
+    ):
+      _to_a2a_context_id("", "user", "session")
+
+  def test_to_a2a_context_id_empty_user_id(self):
+    """Test context ID generation with empty user ID."""
+    with pytest.raises(
+        ValueError,
+        match=(
+            "All parameters \\(app_name, user_id, session_id\\) must be"
+            " non-empty"
+        ),
+    ):
+      _to_a2a_context_id("app", "", "session")
+
+  def test_to_a2a_context_id_empty_session_id(self):
+    """Test context ID generation with empty session ID."""
+    with pytest.raises(
+        ValueError,
+        match=(
+            "All parameters \\(app_name, user_id, session_id\\) must be"
+            " non-empty"
+        ),
+    ):
+      _to_a2a_context_id("app", "user", "")
+
+  def test_to_a2a_context_id_none_values(self):
+    """Test context ID generation with None values."""
+    with pytest.raises(
+        ValueError,
+        match=(
+            "All parameters \\(app_name, user_id, session_id\\) must be"
+            " non-empty"
+        ),
+    ):
+      _to_a2a_context_id(None, "user", "session")
+
+  def test_to_a2a_context_id_special_characters(self):
+    """Test context ID generation with special characters."""
+    app_name = "test-app@2024"
+    user_id = "user_123"
+    session_id = "session-456"
+
+    result = _to_a2a_context_id(app_name, user_id, session_id)
+
+    expected = f"{ADK_CONTEXT_ID_PREFIX}$test-app@2024$user_123$session-456"
+    assert result == expected
+
+  def test_from_a2a_context_id_success(self):
+    """Test successful context ID parsing."""
+    context_id = f"{ADK_CONTEXT_ID_PREFIX}$test-app$test-user$test-session"
+
+    app_name, user_id, session_id = _from_a2a_context_id(context_id)
+
+    assert app_name == "test-app"
+    assert user_id == "test-user"
+    assert session_id == "test-session"
+
+  def test_from_a2a_context_id_none_input(self):
+    """Test context ID parsing with None input."""
+    result = _from_a2a_context_id(None)
+    assert result == (None, None, None)
+
+  def test_from_a2a_context_id_empty_string(self):
+    """Test context ID parsing with empty string."""
+    result = _from_a2a_context_id("")
+    assert result == (None, None, None)
+
+  def test_from_a2a_context_id_invalid_prefix(self):
+    """Test context ID parsing with invalid prefix."""
+    context_id = "INVALID$test-app$test-user$test-session"
+
+    result = _from_a2a_context_id(context_id)
+
+    assert result == (None, None, None)
+
+  def test_from_a2a_context_id_too_few_parts(self):
+    """Test context ID parsing with too few parts."""
+    context_id = f"{ADK_CONTEXT_ID_PREFIX}$test-app$test-user"
+
+    result = _from_a2a_context_id(context_id)
+
+    assert result == (None, None, None)
+
+  def test_from_a2a_context_id_too_many_parts(self):
+    """Test context ID parsing with too many parts."""
+    context_id = (
+        f"{ADK_CONTEXT_ID_PREFIX}$test-app$test-user$test-session$extra"
+    )
+
+    result = _from_a2a_context_id(context_id)
+
+    assert result == (None, None, None)
+
+  def test_from_a2a_context_id_empty_components(self):
+    """Test context ID parsing with empty components."""
+    context_id = f"{ADK_CONTEXT_ID_PREFIX}$$test-user$test-session"
+
+    result = _from_a2a_context_id(context_id)
+
+    assert result == (None, None, None)
+
+  def test_from_a2a_context_id_no_dollar_separator(self):
+    """Test context ID parsing without dollar separators."""
+    context_id = f"{ADK_CONTEXT_ID_PREFIX}-test-app-test-user-test-session"
+
+    result = _from_a2a_context_id(context_id)
+
+    assert result == (None, None, None)
+
+  def test_roundtrip_context_id(self):
+    """Test roundtrip conversion: to -> from."""
+    app_name = "test-app"
+    user_id = "test-user"
+    session_id = "test-session"
+
+    # Convert to context ID
+    context_id = _to_a2a_context_id(app_name, user_id, session_id)
+
+    # Convert back
+    parsed_app, parsed_user, parsed_session = _from_a2a_context_id(context_id)
+
+    assert parsed_app == app_name
+    assert parsed_user == user_id
+    assert parsed_session == session_id
+
+  def test_from_a2a_context_id_special_characters(self):
+    """Test context ID parsing with special characters."""
+    context_id = f"{ADK_CONTEXT_ID_PREFIX}$test-app@2024$user_123$session-456"
+
+    app_name, user_id, session_id = _from_a2a_context_id(context_id)
+
+    assert app_name == "test-app@2024"
+    assert user_id == "user_123"
+    assert session_id == "session-456"