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NEWS
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GNU C Library NEWS -- history of user-visible changes.
Copyright (C) 1992-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
See the end for copying conditions.
Please send GNU C library bug reports via <https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/>
using `glibc' in the "product" field.
Version 2.32
Major new features:
* New locale added: ckb_IQ (Kurdish/Sorani spoken in Iraq)
Deprecated and removed features, and other changes affecting compatibility:
[Add deprecations, removals and changes affecting compatibility here]
Changes to build and runtime requirements:
[Add changes to build and runtime requirements here]
Security related changes:
[Add security related changes here]
The following bugs are resolved with this release:
[The release manager will add the list generated by
scripts/list-fixed-bugs.py just before the release.]
Version 2.31
Major new features:
* The GNU C Library now supports a feature test macro _ISOC2X_SOURCE to
enable features from the draft ISO C2X standard. Only some features from
this draft standard are supported by the GNU C Library, and as the draft
is under active development, the set of features enabled by this macro is
liable to change. Features from C2X are also enabled by _GNU_SOURCE, or
by compiling with "gcc -std=gnu2x".
* The <math.h> functions that round their results to a narrower type now
have corresponding type-generic macros in <tgmath.h>, as defined in TS
18661-1:2014 and TS 18661-3:2015 as amended by the resolution of
Clarification Request 13 to TS 18661-3.
* The function pthread_clockjoin_np has been added, enabling join with a
terminated thread with a specific clock. It allows waiting against
CLOCK_MONOTONIC and CLOCK_REALTIME. This function is a GNU extension.
* New locale added: mnw_MM (Mon language spoken in Myanmar).
* The DNS stub resolver will optionally send the AD (authenticated data) bit
in queries if the trust-ad option is set via the options directive in
/etc/resolv.conf (or if RES_TRUSTAD is set in _res.options). In this
mode, the AD bit, as provided by the name server, is available to
applications which call res_search and related functions. In the default
mode, the AD bit is not set in queries, and it is automatically cleared in
responses, indicating a lack of DNSSEC validation. (Therefore, the name
servers and the network path to them are treated as untrusted.)
Deprecated and removed features, and other changes affecting compatibility:
* The totalorder and totalordermag functions, and the corresponding
functions for other floating-point types, now take pointer arguments to
avoid signaling NaNs possibly being converted to quiet NaNs in argument
passing. This is in accordance with the resolution of Clarification
Request 25 to TS 18661-1, as applied for C2X. Existing binaries that pass
floating-point arguments directly will continue to work.
* The obsolete function stime is no longer available to newly linked
binaries, and its declaration has been removed from <time.h>.
Programs that set the system time should use clock_settime instead.
* We plan to remove the obsolete function ftime, and the header <sys/timeb.h>,
in a future version of glibc. In this release, the header still exists
but calling ftime will cause a compiler warning. All programs should use
gettimeofday or clock_gettime instead.
* The gettimeofday function no longer reports information about a
system-wide time zone. This 4.2-BSD-era feature has been deprecated for
many years, as it cannot handle the full complexity of the world's
timezones, but hitherto we have supported it on a best-effort basis.
Changes required to support 64-bit time_t on 32-bit architectures have
made this no longer practical.
As of this release, callers of gettimeofday with a non-null 'tzp' argument
should expect to receive a 'struct timezone' whose tz_minuteswest and
tz_dsttime fields are zero. (For efficiency reasons, this does not always
happen on a few Linux-based ports. This will be corrected in a future
release.)
All callers should supply a null pointer for the 'tzp' argument to
gettimeofday. For accurate information about the time zone associated
with the current time, use the localtime function.
gettimeofday itself is obsolescent according to POSIX. We have no plans
to remove access to this function, but portable programs should consider
using clock_gettime instead.
* The settimeofday function can still be used to set a system-wide time
zone when the operating system supports it. This is because the Linux
kernel reused the API, on some architectures, to describe a system-wide
time-zone-like offset between the software clock maintained by the kernel,
and the "RTC" clock that keeps time when the system is shut down.
However, to reduce the odds of this offset being set by accident,
settimeofday can no longer be used to set the time and the offset
simultaneously. If both of its two arguments are non-null, the call
will fail (setting errno to EINVAL).
Callers attempting to set this offset should also be prepared for the call
to fail and set errno to ENOSYS; this already happens on the Hurd and on
some Linux architectures. The Linux kernel maintainers are discussing a
more principled replacement for the reused API. After a replacement
becomes available, we will change settimeofday to fail with ENOSYS on all
platforms when its 'tzp' argument is not a null pointer.
settimeofday itself is obsolescent according to POSIX. Programs that set
the system time should use clock_settime and/or the adjtime family of
functions instead. We may cease to make settimeofday available to newly
linked binaries after there is a replacement for Linux's time-zone-like
offset API.
* SPARC ISA v7 is no longer supported. v8 is still supported, but only if
the optional CAS instruction is implemented (for instance, LEON processors
are still supported, but SuperSPARC processors are not).
As the oldest 64-bit SPARC ISA is v9, this only affects 32-bit
configurations.
* If a lazy binding failure happens during dlopen, during the execution of
an ELF constructor, the process is now terminated. Previously, the
dynamic loader would return NULL from dlopen, with the lazy binding error
captured in a dlerror message. In general, this is unsafe because
resetting the stack in an arbitrary function call is not possible.
* For MIPS hard-float ABIs, the GNU C Library will be configured to need an
executable stack unless explicitly configured at build time to require
minimum kernel version 4.8 or newer. This is because executing
floating-point branches on a non-executable stack on Linux kernels prior to
4.8 can lead to application crashes for some MIPS configurations. While
currently PT_GNU_STACK is not widely used on MIPS, future releases of GCC are
expected to enable non-executable stack by default with PT_GNU_STACK by
default and is thus likely to trigger a crash on older kernels.
The GNU C Library can be built with --enable-kernel=4.8.0 in order to keep a
non-executable stack while dropping support for older kernels.
* System call wrappers for time system calls now use the new time64 system
calls when available. On 32-bit targets, these wrappers attempt to call
the new system calls first and fall back to the older 32-bit time system
calls if they are not present. This may cause issues in environments
that cannot handle unsupported system calls gracefully by returning
-ENOSYS. Seccomp sandboxes are affected by this issue.
Changes to build and runtime requirements:
* It is no longer necessary to have recent Linux kernel headers to build
working (non-stub) system call wrappers on all architectures except 64-bit
RISC-V. 64-bit RISC-V requires a minimum kernel headers version of 5.0.
* The ChangeLog file is no longer present in the toplevel directory of the
source tree. ChangeLog files are located in the ChangeLog.old directory as
ChangeLog.N where the highest N has the latest entries.
Security related changes:
CVE-2019-19126: ld.so failed to ignore the LD_PREFER_MAP_32BIT_EXEC
environment variable during program execution after a security
transition, allowing local attackers to restrict the possible mapping
addresses for loaded libraries and thus bypass ASLR for a setuid
program. Reported by Marcin Kościelnicki.
The following bugs are resolved with this release:
[12031] localedata: iconv -t ascii//translit with Greek characters
[15813] libc: Multiple issues in __gen_tempname
[17726] libc: [arm, sparc] profil_counter should be compat symbol
[18231] libc: ipc_perm struct's mode member has wrong type in sys/ipc.h
[19767] libc: vdso is not used with static linking
[19903] hurd: Shared mappings not being inherited by children processes
[20358] network: RES_USE_DNSSEC sets DO; should also have a way to set AD
[20839] dynamic-link: Incomplete rollback of dynamic linker state on
linking failure
[23132] localedata: Missing transliterations in Miscellaneous Mathematical
Symbols-A/B Unicode blocks
[23518] libc: Eliminate __libc_utmp_jump_table
[24026] malloc: malloc_info() returns wrong numbers
[24054] localedata: Many locales are missing date_fmt
[24214] dynamic-link: user defined ifunc resolvers may run in ldd mode
[24304] dynamic-link: Lazy binding failure during ELF
constructors/destructors is not fatal
[24376] libc: RISC-V symbol size confusion with _start
[24682] localedata: zh_CN first weekday should be Monday per GB/T
7408-2005
[24824] libc: test-in-container does not install charmap files compatible
with localedef
[24844] regex: regex bad pointer / leakage if malloc fails
[24867] malloc: Unintended malloc_info formatting changes
[24879] libc: login: utmp alarm timer can arrive after lock acquisition
[24880] libc: login: utmp implementation uses struct flock with fcntl64
[24882] libc: login: pututline uses potentially outdated cache
[24899] libc: Missing nonstring attributes in <utmp.h>, <utmpx.h>
[24902] libc: login: Repeating pututxline on EINTR/EAGAIN causes stale
utmp entries
[24916] dynamic-link: [MIPS] Highest EI_ABIVERSION value not raised to
ABSOLUTE ABI
[24930] dynamic-link: dlopen of PIE executable can result in
_dl_allocate_tls_init assertion failure
[24950] localedata: Top-of-tree glibc does not build with top-of-tree GCC
(stringop-overflow error)
[24959] time: librt IFUNC resolvers for clock_gettime and clock_*
functions other can lead to crashes
[24967] libc: jemalloc static linking causes runtime failure
[24986] libc: alpha: new getegid, geteuid and getppid syscalls used
unconditionally
[25035] libc: sbrk() failure handled poorly in tunables_strdup
[25087] dynamic-link: ldconfig mishandles unusual .dynstr placement
[25097] libc: new -Warray-bounds with GCC 10
[25112] dynamic-link: dlopen must not make new objects accessible when it
still can fail with an error
[25139] localedata: Please add the new mnw_MM locale
[25149] regex: Array bounds violation in proceed_next_node
[25157] dynamic-link: Audit cookie for the dynamic loader is not
initialized correctly
[25189] libc: glibc's __glibc_has_include causes issues with clang
-frewrite-includes
[25194] malloc: malloc.c: do_set_mxfast incorrectly casts the mallopt
value to an unsigned
[25204] dynamic-link: LD_PREFER_MAP_32BIT_EXEC not ignored in setuid
binaries (CVE-2019-19126)
[25225] libc: ld.so fails to link on x86 if GCC defaults to -fcf-
protection
[25226] string: strstr: Invalid result if needle crosses page on s390-z15
ifunc variant.
[25232] string: <string.h> does not enable const correctness for strchr et
al. for Clang++
[25233] localedata: Consider "." as the thousands separator for sl_SI
(Slovenian)
[25241] nptl: __SIZEOF_PTHREAD_MUTEX_T defined twice for x86
[25251] build: Failure to run tests when CFLAGS contains -DNDEBUG.
[25271] libc: undeclared identifier PTHREAD_MUTEX_DEFAULT when compiling
with -std=c11
[25323] localedata: km_KH: d_t_fmt contains "m" instead of "%M"
[25324] localedata: lv_LV: d_t_fmt contains suspicious words in the time
part
[25396] dynamic-link: Failing dlopen can leave behind dangling GL
(dl_initfirst) link map pointer
[25401] malloc: pvalloc must not have __attribute_alloc_size__
[25423] libc: Array overflow in backtrace on powerpc
[25425] network: Missing call to __resolv_context_put in
getaddrinfo.c:gethosts
Version 2.30
Major new features:
* Unicode 12.1.0 Support: Character encoding, character type info, and
transliteration tables are all updated to Unicode 12.1.0, using
generator scripts contributed by Mike FABIAN (Red Hat).
* The dynamic linker accepts the --preload argument to preload shared
objects, in addition to the LD_PRELOAD environment variable.
* The twalk_r function has been added. It is similar to the existing
twalk function, but it passes an additional caller-supplied argument
to the callback function.
* On Linux, the getdents64, gettid, and tgkill functions have been added.
* Minguo (Republic of China) calendar support has been added as an
alternative calendar for the following locales: zh_TW, cmn_TW, hak_TW,
nan_TW, lzh_TW.
* The entry for the new Japanese era has been added for ja_JP locale.
* Memory allocation functions malloc, calloc, realloc, reallocarray, valloc,
pvalloc, memalign, and posix_memalign fail now with total object size
larger than PTRDIFF_MAX. This is to avoid potential undefined behavior with
pointer subtraction within the allocated object, where results might
overflow the ptrdiff_t type.
* The dynamic linker no longer refuses to load objects which reference
versioned symbols whose implementation has moved to a different soname
since the object has been linked. The old error message, symbol
FUNCTION-NAME, version SYMBOL-VERSION not defined in file DSO-NAME with
link time reference, is gone.
* Add new POSIX-proposed pthread_cond_clockwait, pthread_mutex_clocklock,
pthread_rwlock_clockrdlock, pthread_rwlock_clockwrlock and sem_clockwait
functions. These behave similarly to their "timed" equivalents, but also
accept a clockid_t parameter to determine which clock their timeout should
be measured against. All functions allow waiting against CLOCK_MONOTONIC
and CLOCK_REALTIME. The decision of which clock to be used is made at the
time of the wait (unlike with pthread_condattr_setclock, which requires
the clock choice at initialization time).
* On AArch64 the GNU IFUNC resolver call ABI changed: old resolvers still
work, new resolvers can use a second argument which can be extended in
the future, currently it contains the AT_HWCAP2 value.
Deprecated and removed features, and other changes affecting compatibility:
* The copy_file_range function fails with ENOSYS if the kernel does not
support the system call of the same name. Previously, user space
emulation was performed, but its behavior did not match the kernel
behavior, which was deemed too confusing. Applications which use the
copy_file_range function can no longer rely on glibc to provide a fallback
on kernels that do not support the copy_file_range system call, and if
this function returns ENOSYS, they will need to use their own fallback.
Support for copy_file_range for most architectures was added in version
4.5 of the mainline Linux kernel.
* The functions clock_gettime, clock_getres, clock_settime,
clock_getcpuclockid, clock_nanosleep were removed from the librt library
for new applications (on architectures which had them). Instead, the
definitions in libc will be used automatically, which have been available
since glibc 2.17.
* The obsolete and never-implemented XSI STREAMS header files <stropts.h>
and <sys/stropts.h> have been removed.
* Support for the "inet6" option in /etc/resolv.conf and the RES_USE_INET6
resolver flag (deprecated in glibc 2.25) have been removed.
* The obsolete RES_INSECURE1 and RES_INSECURE2 option flags for the DNS stub
resolver have been removed from <resolv.h>.
* With --enable-bind-now, installed programs are now linked with the
BIND_NOW flag.
* Support for the PowerPC SPE ISA extension (powerpc-*-*gnuspe*
configurations) has been removed, following the deprecation of this
subarchitecture in version 8 of GCC, and its removal in version 9.
* On 32-bit Arm, support for the port-based I/O emulation and the <sys/io.h>
header have been removed.
* The Linux-specific <sys/sysctl.h> header and the sysctl function have been
deprecated and will be removed from a future version of glibc.
Application should directly access /proc instead. For obtaining random
bits, the getentropy function can be used.
Changes to build and runtime requirements:
* GCC 6.2 or later is required to build the GNU C Library.
Older GCC versions and non-GNU compilers are still supported when
compiling programs that use the GNU C Library.
Security related changes:
CVE-2019-7309: x86-64 memcmp used signed Jcc instructions to check
size. For x86-64, memcmp on an object size larger than SSIZE_MAX
has undefined behavior. On x32, the size_t argument may be passed
in the lower 32 bits of the 64-bit RDX register with non-zero upper
32 bits. When it happened with the sign bit of RDX register set,
memcmp gave the wrong result since it treated the size argument as
zero. Reported by H.J. Lu.
CVE-2019-9169: Attempted case-insensitive regular-expression match
via proceed_next_node in posix/regexec.c leads to heap-based buffer
over-read. Reported by Hongxu Chen.
The following bugs are resolved with this release:
[2872] locale: Transliteration Cyrillic -> ASCII fails
[6399] libc: gettid() should have a wrapper
[16573] malloc: mtrace hangs when MALLOC_TRACE is defined
[16976] glob: fnmatch unbounded stack VLA for collating symbols
[17396] localedata: globbing for locale by [[.collating-element.]]
[18035] dynamic-link: pldd does no longer work, enters infinite loop
[18465] malloc: memusagestat is built using system C library
[18830] locale: iconv -c -f ascii with >buffer size worth of input before
invalid input drops valid char
[20188] nptl: libpthread IFUNC resolver for vfork can lead to crash
[20568] locale: Segfault with wide characters and setlocale/fgetwc/UTF-8
[21897] localedata: Afar locales: Fix mon, abmon, and abday
[22964] localedata: The Japanese Era name will be changed on May 1, 2019
[23352] malloc: __malloc_check_init still defined in public header
malloc.h.
[23403] nptl: Wrong alignment of TLS variables
[23501] libc: nftw() doesn't return dangling symlink's inode
[23733] malloc: Check the count before calling tcache_get()
[23741] malloc: Missing __attribute_alloc_size__ in many allocation
functions
[23831] localedata: nl_NL missing LC_NUMERIC thousands_sep
[23844] nptl: pthread_rwlock_trywrlock results in hang
[23983] argparse: Missing compat versions of argp_failure and argp_error
for long double = double
[23984] libc: Missing compat versions of err.h and error.h functions for
long double = double
[23996] localedata: Dutch salutations
[24040] libc: riscv64: unterminated call chain in __thread_start
[24047] network: libresolv should use IP_RECVERR/IPV6_RECVERR to avoid
long timeouts
[24051] stdio: puts and putchar ouput to _IO_stdout instead of stdout
[24059] nss: nss_files: get_next_alias calls fgets_unlocked without
checking for NULL.
[24114] regex: regexec buffer read overrun in "grep -i
'\(\(\)*.\)*\(\)\(\)\1'"
[24122] libc: Segfaults if 0 returned from la_version
[24153] stdio: Some input functions do not react to stdin assignment
[24155] string: x32 memcmp can treat positive length as 0 (if sign bit in
RDX is set) (CVE-2019-7309)
[24161] nptl: __run_fork_handlers self-deadlocks in malloc/tst-mallocfork2
[24164] libc: Systemtap probes need to use "nr" constraint on 32-bit Arm,
not the default "nor"
[24166] dynamic-link: Dl_serinfo.dls_serpath[1] in dlfcn.h causes UBSAN
false positives, change to modern flexible array
[24180] nptl: pthread_mutex_trylock does not use the correct order of
instructions while maintaining the robust mutex list due to missing
compiler barriers.
[24194] librt: Non-compatibility symbols for clock_gettime etc. cause
unnecessary librt dependencies
[24200] localedata: Revert first_weekday removal in en_IE locale
[24211] nptl: Use-after-free in Systemtap probe in pthread_join
[24215] nptl: pthread_timedjoin_np should be a cancellation point
[24216] malloc: Check for large bin list corruption when inserting
unsorted chunk
[24228] stdio: old x86 applications that use legacy libio crash on exit
[24231] dynamic-link: [sparc64] R_SPARC_H34 implementation falls through
to R_SPARC_H44
[24293] localedata: Missing Minguo calendar support for TW locales
[24296] localedata: Orthographic mistakes in 'day' and 'abday' sections in
tt_RU (Tatar) locale
[24307] localedata: Update locale data to Unicode 12.0.0
[24323] dynamic-link: dlopen should not be able open PIE objects
[24335] build: "Obsolete types detected" with Linux 5.0 headers
[24369] localedata: Orthographic mistakes in 'mon' and 'abmon' sections in
tt_RU (Tatar) locale
[24370] localedata: Add lang_name for tt_RU locale
[24372] locale: Binary locale files are not architecture independent
[24394] time: strptime %Ey mis-parses final year of era
[24476] dynamic-link: __libc_freeres triggers bad free in libdl if dlerror
was not used
[24506] dynamic-link: FAIL: elf/tst-pldd with --enable-hardcoded-path-in-
tests
[24531] malloc: Malloc tunables give tcache assertion failures
[24532] libc: conform/arpa/inet.h failures due to linux kernel 64-bit
time_t changes
[24535] localedata: Update locale data to Unicode 12.1.0
[24537] build: nptl/tst-eintr1 test case can hit task limits on some
kernels and break testing
[24544] build: elf/tst-pldd doesn't work if you install with a --prefix
[24556] build: [GCC 9] error: ‘%s’ directive argument is null
[-Werror=format-overflow=]
[24570] libc: alpha: compat msgctl uses __IPC_64
[24584] locale: Data race in __wcsmbs_clone_conv
[24588] stdio: Remove codecvt vtables from libio
[24603] math: sysdeps/ieee754/dbl-64/branred.c is slow when compiled with
-O3 -march=skylake
[24614] localedata: nl_NL LC_MONETARY doesn't match CLDR 35
[24632] stdio: Old binaries which use freopen with default stdio handles
crash
[24640] libc: __ppc_get_timebase_freq() always return 0 when using static
linked glibc
[24652] localedata: szl_PL spelling correction
[24695] nss: nss_db: calling getpwent after endpwent crashes
[24696] nss: endgrent() clobbers errno=ERRNO for 'group: db files' entry
in /etc/nsswitch.conf
[24699] libc: mmap64 with very large offset broken on MIPS64 n32
[24740] libc: getdents64 type confusion
[24741] dynamic-link: ld.so should not require that a versioned symbol is
always implemented in the same library
[24744] libc: Remove copy_file_range emulation
[24757] malloc: memusagestat is linked against system libpthread
[24794] libc: Partial test suite run builds corrupt test-in-container
testroot
Version 2.29
Major new features:
* The getcpu wrapper function has been added, which returns the currently
used CPU and NUMA node. This function is Linux-specific.
* A new convenience target has been added for distribution maintainers
to build and install all locales as directories with files. The new
target is run by issuing the following command in your build tree:
'make localedata/install-locale-files', with an optional DESTDIR
to set the install root if you wish to install into a non-default
configured location.
* Optimized generic exp, exp2, log, log2, pow, sinf, cosf, sincosf and tanf.
* The reallocarray function is now declared under _DEFAULT_SOURCE, not just
for _GNU_SOURCE, to match BSD environments.
* For powercp64le ABI, Transactional Lock Elision is now enabled iff kernel
indicates that it will abort the transaction prior to entering the kernel
(PPC_FEATURE2_HTM_NOSC on hwcap2). On older kernels the transaction is
suspended, and this caused some undefined side-effects issues by aborting
transactions manually. Glibc avoided it by abort transactions manually on
each syscall, but it lead to performance issues on newer kernels where the
HTM state is saved and restore lazily (the state being saved even when the
process actually does not use HTM).
* The functions posix_spawn_file_actions_addchdir_np and
posix_spawn_file_actions_addfchdir_np have been added, enabling
posix_spawn and posix_spawnp to run the new process in a different
directory. These functions are GNU extensions. The function
posix_spawn_file_actions_addchdir_np is similar to the Solaris function
of the same name.
* The popen and system do not run atfork handlers anymore (BZ#17490).
Although it is a possible POSIX violation, the POSIX rationale in
pthread_atfork documentation regarding atfork handlers is to handle
inconsistent mutex state after a fork call in a multi-threaded process.
In both popen and system there is no direct access to user-defined mutexes.
* Support for the C-SKY ABIV2 running on Linux has been added. This port
requires at least binutils-2.32, gcc-9.0, and linux-4.20. Two ABIs are
supported:
- C-SKY ABIV2 soft-float little-endian
- C-SKY ABIV2 hard-float little-endian
* strftime's default formatting of a locale's alternative year (%Ey)
has been changed to zero-pad the year to a minimum of two digits,
like "%y". This improves the display of Japanese era years during
the first nine years of a new era, and is expected to be harmless
for all other locales (only Japanese locales regularly have
alternative year numbers less than 10). Zero-padding can be
overridden with the '_' or '-' flags (which are GNU extensions).
* As a GNU extension, the '_' and '-' flags can now be applied to
"%EY" to control how the year number is formatted; they have the
same effect that they would on "%Ey".
Deprecated and removed features, and other changes affecting compatibility:
* The glibc.tune tunable namespace has been renamed to glibc.cpu and the
tunable glibc.tune.cpu has been renamed to glibc.cpu.name.
* The type of the pr_uid and pr_gid members of struct elf_prpsinfo, defined
in <sys/procfs.h>, has been corrected to match the type actually used by
the Linux kernel. This affects the size and layout of that structure on
MicroBlaze, MIPS (n64 ABI only), Nios II and RISC-V.
* For the MIPS n32 ABI, the type of the pr_sigpend and pr_sighold members of
struct elf_prstatus, and the pr_flag member of struct elf_prpsinfo,
defined in <sys/procfs.h>, has been corrected to match the type actually
used by the Linux kernel. This affects the size and layout of those
structures.
* An archaic GNU extension to scanf, under which '%as', '%aS', and '%a[...]'
meant to scan a string and allocate space for it with malloc, is now
restricted to programs compiled in C89 or C++98 mode with _GNU_SOURCE
defined. This extension conflicts with C99's use of '%a' to scan a
hexadecimal floating-point number, which is now available to programs
compiled as C99 or C++11 or higher, regardless of _GNU_SOURCE.
POSIX.1-2008 includes the feature of allocating a buffer for string input
with malloc, using the modifier letter 'm' instead. Programs using
'%as', '%aS', or '%a[...]' with the old GNU meaning should change to
'%ms', '%mS', or '%m[...]' respectively. Programs that wish to use the
C99 '%a' no longer need to avoid _GNU_SOURCE.
GCC's -Wformat warnings can detect most uses of this extension, as long
as all functions that call vscanf, vfscanf, or vsscanf are annotated with
__attribute__ ((format (scanf, ...))).
Changes to build and runtime requirements:
* Python 3.4 or later is required to build the GNU C Library.
* On most architectures, GCC 5 or later is required to build the GNU C
Library. (On powerpc64le, GCC 6.2 or later is still required, as before.)
Older GCC versions and non-GNU compilers are still supported when
compiling programs that use the GNU C Library.
Security related changes:
CVE-2018-19591: A file descriptor leak in if_nametoindex can lead to a
denial of service due to resource exhaustion when processing getaddrinfo
calls with crafted host names. Reported by Guido Vranken.
CVE-2019-6488: On x32, the size_t parameter may be passed in the lower
32 bits of a 64-bit register with with non-zero upper 32 bit. When it
happened, accessing the 32-bit size_t value as the full 64-bit register
in the assembly string/memory functions would cause a buffer overflow.
Reported by H.J. Lu.
CVE-2016-10739: The getaddrinfo function could successfully parse IPv4
addresses with arbitrary trailing characters, potentially leading to data
or command injection issues in applications.
The following bugs are resolved with this release:
[10425] localedata: it_IT/it_CH: LC_TIME format is wrong
[10496] localedata: 12h time representation in multiple locales faulty
[10797] localedata: it_IT locale numeric does not have a separator for
thousands
[11319] libc: dprintf doesn't handle errors properly
[16346] time: mktime: potentially unsafe use of localtime_offset
[17248] build: glibc should not sort CFLAGS (support gcc plugins and
--param options)
[17405] libc: Implement posix_spawn_file_actions_addchdir_np,
posix_spawn_file_actions_addfchdir_np
[17426] localedata: Indian locales: set the correct date format
[17490] stdio: popen should not invoke atfork handlers
[17783] libc: TIOCSER_TEMT conditions inconsistent
[18040] regex: use-after-free in regexec/get_subexp
[18093] libc: Corrupted aux-cache causes ldconfig to segfault
[20018] network: getaddrinfo should reject IP addresses with trailing
characters (CVE-2016-10739)
[20209] localedata: Spelling mistake for Sunday in Greenlandic kl_GL
[20271] libc: Missing "\n" in __libc_fatal calls
[20480] dynamic-link: Patch: ifunc not executable, crashes sudo qemu
[20544] libc: RFE: atexit, __cxa_atexit, on_exit should assert function
pointer argument is non-NULL
[21037] stdio: open_memstream and freopen
[21286] libc: bits/siginfo.h is missing enum definition for TRAP_HWBKPT
[21716] time: Crash in glibc's mktime in low-memory situations
[22834] stdio: Subprocess forked by popen may crash in Linux when
multithreads call popen
[22927] network: crash in vn_gai_enqueue_request if requests_tail was NULL
and pthread_create fails.
[23032] hurd: sysdeps/htl/pt-barrier-init.c:39: bad call to memcmp ?
[23125] libc: riscv64: endless loop when throwing an exception from a
constructor
[23275] nptl: Race in pthread_mutex_lock while promoting to
PTHREAD_MUTEX_ELISION_NP.
[23400] libc: stdlib/test-bz22786.c creates temporary files in glibc
source tree
[23479] math: [mips] bits/fenv.h should not define some macros for soft-
float
[23490] libc: sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/x86/tst-cet-property-2.c:49: off by
one error
[23497] libc: readdir64@GLIBC_2.1 cannot parse the kernel directory stream
[23509] dynamic-link: CET enabled glibc is incompatible with the older
linker
[23520] nscd: nscd: Use-after-free in addgetnetgrentX and its callers
[23521] nss: get_next_alias nss_files file stream leak
[23538] nptl: Hang in pthread_cond_broadcast
[23562] libc: Wrong type for si_band in Linux-specific siginfo_t
[23578] regex: Invalid memory access if regex pattern contains NUL byte
[23579] libc: Errors misreported in preadv2
[23597] build: support/test-container.c doesn't work with different
filesystems
[23603] time: mktime signed integer overflow on large timestamps
[23606] libc: Missing ENDBR32 in sysdeps/i386/start.S
[23614] libc: powerpc: missing CFI register information in __mpn_*
functions
[23637] string: Generic strstr/strcasestr fails with huge needles
[23640] libc: no way to easily clear FD_CLOEXEC in
posix_spawn_file_actions_adddup2()
[23649] libc: [microblaze/mips/nios2/riscv] sys/procfs.h pr_uid, pr_gid
have wrong type
[23656] libc: [mips n32] sys/procfs.h pr_sigpend, pr_sighold, pr_flag have
wrong type
[23679] libc: gethostid: Missing NULL check for gethostbyname_r result
[23689] libc: Bug in documentation for rusage.ru_ixrss in
bits/types/struct_rusage.h
[23690] dynamic-link: Segfault in _dl_profile_fixup with a high number of
threads
[23707] dynamic-link: Missing unwind info in sysdeps/powerpc/powerpc32/dl-
start.S
[23709] string: glibc 2.25 lacks sse2 optimized strstr()
[23716] dynamic-link: _dl_runtime_resolve_shstk isn't selected properly
[23717] libc: glibc: stdlib/tst-setcontext9 test suite failure on
powerpc64le
[23724] localedata: Albanian date formats are incorrect
[23735] math: libnldbl_nonshared.a references internal libm symbols
[23740] localedata: kl_GL: Month names and date formats need update
[23744] regex: regex refactorings to remove BE, avoid duplication
[23745] time: mktime fix for Gnulib + coreutils
[23758] time: Improve the width of alternate representation for year in
strftime
[23783] libc: [mips] Missing CMSPAR bits/termios.h
[23789] time: mktime does not set errno on failure
[23791] localedata: Wrong monetary format for ca_ES locale
[23793] locale: c32rtomb and mbrtoc32 should not alias wcrtomb and mbrtowc
[23794] locale: c16rtomb does not handle surrogate pairs
[23821] libc: si_band in siginfo_t has wrong type long int on sparc64
[23822] math: ia64 static libm.a is missing exp2f, log2f and powf symbols
[23836] time: time/tst-mktime2 test failure on Arm (32-bit)
[23848] libc: [sparc] Some socket syscalls wrongly assumed to be present
[23861] nptl: rdlock stalls indefinitely on an unlocked pthread rwlock
[23862] libc: [sh] missing kernel-features.h undefines
[23864] libc: [riscv] missing kernel-features.h undefines
[23867] libc: [arm/microblaze] __ASSUME_MLOCK2 incorrect
[23907] malloc: Incorrect double-free malloc tcache check disregards
tcache size
[23913] libc: off-by-one in function maybe_script_execute in
sysdeps/posix/spawni.c
[23915] libc: [arm] __ASSUME_COPY_FILE_RANGE incorrect
[23923] locale: Add --no-hard-links option to localedef
[23927] network: Linux if_nametoindex() does not close descriptor
(CVE-2018-19591)
[23961] math: powf can overflow to inf without setting errno in non-
nearest rounding mode
[23967] libc: [2.28 Regression]: New sigaction implementation breaks m68k
[23972] libc: __old_getdents64 uses wrong d_off value on overflow
[23993] libc: glibc 2.29 doesn't build with gcc 4.9
[23995] localedata: Remove execution flags from localedata/locales/bi_VU
[24011] localedata: Fixed small type in comment for locale bs_BA
[24018] libc: gettext() may return NULL
[24022] build: riscv build failure with Linux kernel 4.20-rc7
[24023] build: [2.29 Regression] FAIL: elf/check-localplt
[24024] string: strerror() might set errno to ENOMEM due to -fno-math-
error
[24027] malloc: glibc: realloc() ncopies 32-bit integer overflow
[24034] libc: tst-cancel21-static fails with SIGBUS on pre-ARMv7 when
using GCC 8
[24046] localedata: en_US locale doesn't define date_fmt
[24063] manual: @var{errno} should be @code{errno}
[24066] soft-fp: Inconsistent _FP_W_TYPE_SIZE check
[24088] libc: VSCR field is not being correctly read in ucontext_t on
ppc64le
[24096] time: Specifying '_' or '-' flag for "%EY" does not produce the
expected result
[24097] string: Can't use 64-bit register for size_t in assembly codes for
x32 (CVE-2019-6488)
[24110] hurd: SS_DISABLE never set in stack_t value returned by
sigaltstack
[24112] network: Do not send DNS queries for non-host names (where all
answers will be rejected)
[24130] libc: alpha __remqu corrupts $f3 register
Version 2.28
Major new features:
* The localization data for ISO 14651 is updated to match the 2016
Edition 4 release of the standard, this matches data provided by
Unicode 9.0.0. This update introduces significant improvements to the
collation of Unicode characters. This release deviates slightly from
the standard in that the collation element ordering for lowercase and
uppercase LATIN script characters is adjusted to ensure that regular
expressions with ranges like [a-z] and [A-Z] don't interleave e.g. A
is not matched by [a-z]. With the update many locales have been
updated to take advantage of the new collation information. The new
collation information has increased the size of the compiled locale
archive or binary locales.
* The GNU C Library can now be compiled with support for Intel CET, AKA
Intel Control-flow Enforcement Technology. When the library is built
with --enable-cet, the resulting glibc is protected with indirect
branch tracking (IBT) and shadow stack (SHSTK). CET-enabled glibc is
compatible with all existing executables and shared libraries. This
feature is currently supported on i386, x86_64 and x32 with GCC 8 and
binutils 2.29 or later. Note that CET-enabled glibc requires CPUs
capable of multi-byte NOPs, like x86-64 processors as well as Intel
Pentium Pro or newer. NOTE: --enable-cet has been tested for i686,
x86_64 and x32 on non-CET processors. --enable-cet has been tested
for x86_64 and x32 on CET SDVs, but Intel CET support hasn't been
validated for i686.
* The GNU C Library now has correct support for ABSOLUTE symbols
(SHN_ABS-relative symbols). Previously such ABSOLUTE symbols were
relocated incorrectly or in some cases discarded. The GNU linker can
make use of the newer semantics, but it must communicate it to the
dynamic loader by setting the ELF file's identification (EI_ABIVERSION
field) to indicate such support is required.
* Unicode 11.0.0 Support: Character encoding, character type info, and
transliteration tables are all updated to Unicode 11.0.0, using
generator scripts contributed by Mike FABIAN (Red Hat).
* <math.h> functions that round their results to a narrower type are added
from TS 18661-1:2014 and TS 18661-3:2015:
- fadd, faddl, daddl and corresponding fMaddfN, fMaddfNx, fMxaddfN and
fMxaddfNx functions.
- fsub, fsubl, dsubl and corresponding fMsubfN, fMsubfNx, fMxsubfN and
fMxsubfNx functions.
- fmul, fmull, dmull and corresponding fMmulfN, fMmulfNx, fMxmulfN and
fMxmulfNx functions.
- fdiv, fdivl, ddivl and corresponding fMdivfN, fMdivfNx, fMxdivfN and
fMxdivfNx functions.
* Two grammatical forms of month names are now supported for the following
languages: Armenian, Asturian, Catalan, Czech, Kashubian, Occitan, Ossetian,
Scottish Gaelic, Upper Sorbian, and Walloon. The following languages now
support two grammatical forms in abbreviated month names: Catalan, Greek,
and Kashubian.
* Newly added locales: Lower Sorbian (dsb_DE) and Yakut (sah_RU) also
include the support for two grammatical forms of month names.
* Building and running on GNU/Hurd systems now works without out-of-tree
patches.
* The renameat2 function has been added, a variant of the renameat function
which has a flags argument. If the flags are zero, the renameat2 function
acts like renameat. If the flag is not zero and there is no kernel
support for renameat2, the function will fail with an errno value of
EINVAL. This is different from the existing gnulib function renameatu,
which performs a plain rename operation in case of a RENAME_NOREPLACE
flags and a non-existing destination (and therefore has a race condition
that can clobber the destination inadvertently).
* The statx function has been added, a variant of the fstatat64
function with an additional flags argument. If there is no direct
kernel support for statx, glibc provides basic stat support based on
the fstatat64 function.
* IDN domain names in getaddrinfo and getnameinfo now use the system libidn2
library if installed. libidn2 version 2.0.5 or later is recommended. If
libidn2 is not available, internationalized domain names are not encoded
or decoded even if the AI_IDN or NI_IDN flags are passed to getaddrinfo or
getnameinfo. (getaddrinfo calls with non-ASCII names and AI_IDN will fail
with an encoding error.) Flags which used to change the IDN encoding and
decoding behavior (AI_IDN_ALLOW_UNASSIGNED, AI_IDN_USE_STD3_ASCII_RULES,
NI_IDN_ALLOW_UNASSIGNED, NI_IDN_USE_STD3_ASCII_RULES) have been
deprecated. They no longer have any effect.
* Parsing of dynamic string tokens in DT_RPATH, DT_RUNPATH, DT_NEEDED,
DT_AUXILIARY, and DT_FILTER has been expanded to support the full
range of ELF gABI expressions including such constructs as
'$ORIGIN$ORIGIN' (if valid). For SUID/GUID applications the rules
have been further restricted, and where in the past a dynamic string
token sequence may have been interpreted as a literal string it will
now cause a load failure. These load failures were always considered
unspecified behaviour from the perspective of the dynamic loader, and
for safety are now load errors e.g. /foo/${ORIGIN}.so in DT_NEEDED
results in a load failure now.
* Support for ISO C threads (ISO/IEC 9899:2011) has been added. The
implementation includes all the standard functions provided by
<threads.h>:
- thrd_current, thrd_equal, thrd_sleep, thrd_yield, thrd_create,
thrd_detach, thrd_exit, and thrd_join for thread management.
- mtx_init, mtx_lock, mtx_timedlock, mtx_trylock, mtx_unlock, and
mtx_destroy for mutual exclusion.
- call_once for function call synchronization.
- cnd_broadcast, cnd_destroy, cnd_init, cnd_signal, cnd_timedwait, and
cnd_wait for conditional variables.
- tss_create, tss_delete, tss_get, and tss_set for thread-local storage.
Application developers must link against libpthread to use ISO C threads.
Deprecated and removed features, and other changes affecting compatibility:
* The nonstandard header files <libio.h> and <_G_config.h> are no longer
installed. Software that was using either header should be updated to
use standard <stdio.h> interfaces instead.
* The stdio functions 'getc' and 'putc' are no longer defined as macros.
This was never required by the C standard, and the macros just expanded
to call alternative names for the same functions. If you hoped getc and
putc would provide performance improvements over fgetc and fputc, instead
investigate using (f)getc_unlocked and (f)putc_unlocked, and, if
necessary, flockfile and funlockfile.
* All stdio functions now treat end-of-file as a sticky condition. If you
read from a file until EOF, and then the file is enlarged by another
process, you must call clearerr or another function with the same effect
(e.g. fseek, rewind) before you can read the additional data. This
corrects a longstanding C99 conformance bug. It is most likely to affect
programs that use stdio to read interactive input from a terminal.
(Bug #1190.)
* The macros 'major', 'minor', and 'makedev' are now only available from
the header <sys/sysmacros.h>; not from <sys/types.h> or various other
headers that happen to include <sys/types.h>. These macros are rarely
used, not part of POSIX nor XSI, and their names frequently collide with
user code; see https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=19239 for
further explanation.
<sys/sysmacros.h> is a GNU extension. Portable programs that require
these macros should first include <sys/types.h>, and then include
<sys/sysmacros.h> if __GNU_LIBRARY__ is defined.
* The tilegx*-*-linux-gnu configurations are no longer supported.
* The obsolete function ustat is no longer available to newly linked
binaries; the headers <ustat.h> and <sys/ustat.h> have been removed. This
function has been deprecated in favor of fstatfs and statfs.
* The obsolete function nfsservctl is no longer available to newly linked
binaries. This function was specific to systems using the Linux kernel
and could not usefully be used with the GNU C Library on systems with
version 3.1 or later of the Linux kernel.
* The obsolete function name llseek is no longer available to newly linked
binaries. This function was specific to systems using the Linux kernel
and was not declared in a header. Programs should use the lseek64 name
for this function instead.
* The AI_IDN_ALLOW_UNASSIGNED and NI_IDN_ALLOW_UNASSIGNED flags for the
getaddrinfo and getnameinfo functions have been deprecated. The behavior
previously selected by them is now always enabled.
* The AI_IDN_USE_STD3_ASCII_RULES and NI_IDN_USE_STD3_ASCII_RULES flags for
the getaddrinfo and getnameinfo functions have been deprecated. The STD3
restriction (rejecting '_' in host names, among other things) has been
removed, for increased compatibility with non-IDN name resolution.
* The fcntl function now have a Long File Support variant named fcntl64. It
is added to fix some Linux Open File Description (OFD) locks usage on non
LFS mode. As for others *64 functions, fcntl64 semantics are analogous with
fcntl and LFS support is handled transparently. Also for Linux, the OFD
locks act as a cancellation entrypoint.
* The obsolete functions encrypt, encrypt_r, setkey, setkey_r, cbc_crypt,
ecb_crypt, and des_setparity are no longer available to newly linked
binaries, and the headers <rpc/des_crypt.h> and <rpc/rpc_des.h> are no
longer installed. These functions encrypted and decrypted data with the
DES block cipher, which is no longer considered secure. Software that
still uses these functions should switch to a modern cryptography library,
such as libgcrypt.
* Reflecting the removal of the encrypt and setkey functions above, the
macro _XOPEN_CRYPT is no longer defined. As a consequence, the crypt
function is no longer declared unless _DEFAULT_SOURCE or _GNU_SOURCE is
enabled.
* The obsolete function fcrypt is no longer available to newly linked
binaries. It was just another name for the standard function crypt,
and it has not appeared in any header file in many years.
* We have tentative plans to hand off maintenance of the passphrase-hashing
library, libcrypt, to a separate development project that will, we hope,
keep up better with new passphrase-hashing algorithms. We will continue
to declare 'crypt' in <unistd.h>, and programs that use 'crypt' or
'crypt_r' should not need to change at all; however, distributions will
need to install <crypt.h> and libcrypt from a separate project.
In this release, if the configure option --disable-crypt is used, glibc
will not install <crypt.h> or libcrypt, making room for the separate
project's versions of these files. The plan is to make this the default
behavior in a future release.
Changes to build and runtime requirements:
GNU make 4.0 or later is now required to build glibc.
Security related changes:
CVE-2016-6261, CVE-2016-6263, CVE-2017-14062: Various vulnerabilities have
been fixed by removing the glibc-internal IDNA implementation and using
the system-provided libidn2 library instead. Originally reported by Hanno
Böck and Christian Weisgerber.
CVE-2017-18269: An SSE2-based memmove implementation for the i386
architecture could corrupt memory. Reported by Max Horn.
CVE-2018-11236: Very long pathname arguments to realpath function could
result in an integer overflow and buffer overflow. Reported by Alexey
Izbyshev.
CVE-2018-11237: The mempcpy implementation for the Intel Xeon Phi
architecture could write beyond the target buffer, resulting in a buffer
overflow. Reported by Andreas Schwab.
The following bugs are resolved with this release:
[1190] stdio: fgetc()/fread() behaviour is not POSIX compliant
[6889] manual: 'PWD' mentioned but not specified
[13575] libc: SSIZE_MAX defined as LONG_MAX is inconsistent with ssize_t,
when __WORDSIZE != 64
[13762] regex: re_search etc. should return -2 on memory exhaustion
[13888] build: /tmp usage during testing
[13932] math: dbl-64 pow unexpectedly slow for some inputs
[14092] nptl: Support C11 threads
[14095] localedata: Review / update collation data from Unicode / ISO
14651
[14508] libc: -Wformat warnings
[14553] libc: Namespace pollution loff_t in sys/types.h
[14890] libc: Make NT_PRFPREG canonical.
[15105] libc: Extra PLT references with -Os
[15512] libc: __bswap_constant_16 not compiled when -Werror -Wsign-
conversion is given
[16335] manual: Feature test macro documentation incomplete and out of
date
[16552] libc: Unify umount implementations in terms of umount2
[17082] libc: htons et al.: statement-expressions prevent use on global
scope with -O1 and higher
[17343] libc: Signed integer overflow in /stdlib/random_r.c
[17438] localedata: pt_BR: wrong d_fmt delimiter
[17662] libc: please implement binding for the new renameat2 syscall
[17721] libc: __restrict defined as /* Ignore */ even in c11
[17979] libc: inconsistency between uchar.h and stdint.h
[18018] dynamic-link: Additional $ORIGIN handling issues (CVE-2011-0536)
[18023] libc: extend_alloca is broken (questionable pointer comparison,
horrible machine code)
[18124] libc: hppa: setcontext erroneously returns -1 as exit code for
last constant.
[18471] libc: llseek should be a compat symbol
[18473] soft-fp: [powerpc-nofpu] __sqrtsf2, __sqrtdf2 should be compat
symbols
[18991] nss: nss_files skips large entry in database
[19239] libc: Including stdlib.h ends up with macros major and minor being
defined
[19463] libc: linknamespace failures when compiled with -Os