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Contributing to Next.js

Read about our Commitment to Open Source. To contribute to our examples, please see Adding examples below.

Developing

The development branch is canary, and this is the branch that all pull requests should be made against. After publishing a stable release, the changes in the canary branch are rebased into master. The changes on the canary branch are published to the @canary dist-tag daily.

To develop locally:

  1. Fork this repository to your own GitHub account and then clone it to your local device.

  2. Create a new branch:

    git checkout -b MY_BRANCH_NAME

  3. Install yarn:

    npm install -g yarn

  4. Install the dependencies with:

    yarn

  5. Start developing and watch for code changes:

    yarn dev

  6. In a new terminal, run yarn types to compile declaration files from TypeScript.

    Note: You may need to repeat this step if your types get outdated.

For instructions on how to build a project with your local version of the CLI, see Developing with your local version of Next.js below. (Naively linking the binary is not sufficient to develop locally.)

Building

You can build the project, including all type definitions, with:

yarn build
# - or -
yarn prepublish

If you need to clean the project for any reason, use yarn clean.

Testing

See the testing readme for information on writing tests.

You may have to install Rust and build our native packages to see all tests pass locally. We check in binaries for the most common targets and those required for CI so that most people don't have to, but if you do not see a binary for your target in packages/next/native, you can build it by running yarn --cwd packages/next build-native. If you are working on the Rust code and you need to build the binaries for ci, you can manually trigger the workflow to build and commit with the "Run workflow" button.

Running tests

yarn testonly

If you would like to run the tests in headless mode (with the browser windows hidden) you can do

yarn testheadless

Running a specific test suite (e.g. production) inside of the test/integration directory:

yarn testonly --testPathPattern "production"

Running one test in the production test suite:

yarn testonly --testPathPattern "production" -t "should allow etag header support"

Linting

To check the formatting of your code:

yarn lint

If you get errors, you can fix them with:

yarn lint-fix

Running the example apps

Running examples can be done with:

yarn next ./test/integration/basic
# OR
yarn next ./examples/basic-css/

To figure out which pages are available for the given example, you can run:

EXAMPLE=./test/integration/basic
(\
  cd $EXAMPLE/pages; \
  find . -type f \
  | grep -v '\.next' \
  | sed 's#^\.##' \
  | sed 's#index\.js##' \
  | sed 's#\.js$##' \
  | xargs -I{} echo localhost:3000{} \
)

Developing with your local version of Next.js

There are two options to develop with your local version of the codebase:

Set as local dependency in package.json

  1. In your app's package.json, replace:

    "next": "<next-version>",

    with:

    "next": "file:/path/to/next.js/packages/next",

  2. In your app's root directory, make sure to remove next from node_modules with:

    rm -rf ./node_modules/next

  3. In your app's root directory, run:

    yarn

    to re-install all of the dependencies.

    Note that Next will be copied from the locally compiled version as opposed to from being downloaded from the NPM registry.

  4. Run your application as you normally would.

  5. To update your app's dependencies, after you've made changes to your local next repository. In your app's root directory, run:

    yarn install --force

or

Develop inside the monorepo

  1. Move your app inside of the Next.js monorepo.

  2. Run with yarn next-with-deps ./app-path-in-monorepo

This will use the version of next built inside of the Next.js monorepo and the main yarn dev monorepo command can be running to make changes to the local Next.js version at the same time (some changes might require re-running yarn next-with-deps to take affect).

Adding warning/error descriptions

In Next.js we have a system to add helpful links to warnings and errors.

This allows for the logged message to be short while giving a broader description and instructions on how to solve the warning/error.

In general all warnings and errors added should have these links attached.

Below are the steps to add a new link:

  1. Create a new markdown file under the errors directory based on errors/template.md:

    cp errors/template.md errors/<error-file-name>.md

  2. Add the newly added file to errors/manifest.json

  3. Add the following url to your warning/error: https://nextjs.org/docs/messages/<file-path-without-dotmd>.

    For example, to link to errors/api-routes-static-export.md you use the url: https://nextjs.org/docs/messages/api-routes-static-export

Adding examples

When you add an example to the examples directory, don’t forget to add a README.md file with the following format:

  • Replace DIRECTORY_NAME with the directory name you’re adding.
  • Fill in Example Name and Description.
  • To add additional installation instructions, please add it where appropriate.
  • To add additional notes, add ## Notes section at the end.
  • Remove the Deploy your own section if your example can’t be immediately deployed to Vercel.
  • Remove the Preview section if the example doesn't work on StackBlitz and file an issue here.
# Example Name

Description

## Preview

Preview the example live on [StackBlitz](http://stackblitz.com/):

[![Open in StackBlitz](https://developer.stackblitz.com/img/open_in_stackblitz.svg)](https://stackblitz.com/github/vercel/next.js/tree/canary/examples/DIRECTORY_NAME)

## Deploy your own

Deploy the example using [Vercel](https://vercel.com?utm_source=github&utm_medium=readme&utm_campaign=next-example):

[![Deploy with Vercel](https://vercel.com/button)](https://vercel.com/new/git/external?repository-url=https://github.com/vercel/next.js/tree/canary/examples/DIRECTORY_NAME&project-name=DIRECTORY_NAME&repository-name=DIRECTORY_NAME)

## How to use

Execute [`create-next-app`](https://github.com/vercel/next.js/tree/canary/packages/create-next-app) with [npm](https://docs.npmjs.com/cli/init) or [Yarn](https://yarnpkg.com/lang/en/docs/cli/create/) to bootstrap the example:

```bash
npx create-next-app --example DIRECTORY_NAME DIRECTORY_NAME-app
# or
yarn create next-app --example DIRECTORY_NAME DIRECTORY_NAME-app
```

Deploy it to the cloud with [Vercel](https://vercel.com/new?utm_source=github&utm_medium=readme&utm_campaign=next-example) ([Documentation](https://nextjs.org/docs/deployment)).

Publishing

Repository maintainers can use yarn publish-canary to publish a new version of all packages to npm.