graph.json

{
    "nodes": [
        {
            "name": "JavaScript",
            "group": 1,
            "data": "<a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JavaScript\">JavaScript</a> was created at <a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netscape\">Netscape</a> by <a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brendan_Eich\">Brendan Eich</a>. Netscape submitted JavaScript to <a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecma_International\">Ecma International</a> for standardization in 1996. It was officially standardized in the ECMAScript language specification in 1997, and is currently at version 5.1 as <a href=\"http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/files/ECMA-ST/Ecma-262.pdf\">specified in ECMA-262</a>, which was released in June 2011. <a href=\"http://tsdr.uspto.gov/#caseNumber=75026640&caseType=SERIAL_NO&searchType=statusSearch\">JavaScript is trademarked</a> by the Oracle Corporation."
        },
        {
            "name": "HTML",
            "group": 1,
            "data": "Created by <a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee\">Tim Berners-Lee</a> in approximately 1990, HTML was heavily influenced by the ISO-standardized <a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Generalized_Markup_Language\">SGML</a>. HTML was originally submitted to <a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Engineering_Task_Force\">IETF</a> for standardization in 1993. The IETF later created an HTML Working Group, which published <a href=\"http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1866\">HTML 2.0 in 1995</a>. The <a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium\">W3C</a> took over maintaining the specification in 1996 due to internal IETF politics, and the IETF HTML Working Group was dissolved. The most recent version is <a href=\"http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=27688\">HTML 4.01</a>, standardized in 2008 by <a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC_JTC1/SC34\">ISO/IEC JTC1/SC34</a>. The W3C published an <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/2014/REC-html5-20141028/\">official recommendation for HTML5</a> in October 2014."
        },
        {
            "name": "CSS",
            "group": 1,
            "data": "Originally proposed by <a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A5kon_Wium_Lie\">H&aring;kon Wium Lie</a> in 1994, the first <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-CSS1-19990111\">W3C recommendation for CSS1</a> was co-authored by <a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bert_Bos\">Bert Bos</a> and released by the <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Newsletter/950922-F.html#5\">HTML Editorial Review Board</a> in 1996. The W3C formed the <a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CSS_Working_Group\">CSS Working Group</a> in 1997, which created <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-CSS2-20080411/\">CSS2</a> later that year and published it as a W3C recommendation in 1998. Rather than work on a single specification for CSS3, the working group has divided it into <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/Style/CSS/specs\">more than 50 modules</a> in varying stages of version stability and draft status. As of April 2015, <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/Style/CSS/current-work\">seven of these modules</a> have been published as formal W3C recommendations."
        },
        {
            "name": "DOM",
            "group": 1,
            "data": "The <a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Document_Object_Model\">Document Object Model</a> is a language-independent convention for representing and interacting with objects in <a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML\">HTML</a>, <a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XHTML\">XHTML</a>, and <a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML\">XML documents</a>. DOM Level 0, called Legacy DOM, was introduced with <a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JavaScript\">JavaScript</a> in 1995. Intermediate versions of DOM were released throughout the <a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Browser_wars\">browser wars</a> of the 1990s, though none of these versions were standardized. The W3C recommended <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-DOM-Level-1-19981001/\">DOM Level 1</a> for standardization in 1998. <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-DOM-Level-3-Core-20040407/\">DOM Level 3</a>, published in 2004, is the current release of the specification. <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/domcore/\">DOM Level 4</a> is under development. Work on DOM is handled by several <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/Consortium/activities\">W3C working groups</a>, particularly the <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/html/wg/\">HTML</a>, <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/WG/\">SVG</a>, and the <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2008/webapps/\">Web Applications</a> Working Groups."
        },
        {
            "name": "SVG",
            "group": 1,
            "data": "<a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalable_Vector_Graphics\">Scalable Vector Graphics</a> is an <a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML\">XML</a>-based image format that supports interactivity and animation, and was initially developed by the <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/\">W3C's</a> <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/WG/wiki/Main_Page\">SVG Working Group</a> in 1998. <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG10/\">SVG 1.0</a> became a W3C recommendation in 2001. After SVG 1.0, the specification was modularized to allow further work on specific feature sets. The latest release is <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/\">SVG 1.1 Second Edition</a>, published in 2011. <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-SVG2-20120828/\">SVG 2.0</a> is in Working Draft stage as of August, 2012."
        },
        {
            "name": "MathML",
            "group": 1,
            "data": "<a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_markup_language\">Mathematical Markup Language</a> is an application of <a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML\">XML</a> for describing mathematical and scientific content on the web. <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-MathML-19980407/\">MathML 1.0</a> was the first standard released as a W3C recommendation in 1998. The latest release is <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/MathML/\">MathML 3.0</a>, which was published as a W3C recommendation on April 10, 2014. Work on the specification is handled by the W3C’s <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/Math/#group\">Math Working Group</a>. Competing standards include <a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenMath\">OpenMath</a> and the <a href=\"http://www.iso.org/iso/jtc1_home.html\">ISO/IEC JTC1</a> standard <a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_Open_XML\">Office Open XML</a>."
        },
        {
            "name": "HTTP",
            "group": 1,
            "data": "<a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol\">Hypertext Transfer Protocol</a> is an application protocol for distributing hypermedia. <a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee\">Tim Berners-Lee</a> is largely credited with the <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/Protocols/HTTP/AsImplemented.html\">invention of HTTP</a> along with the <a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web\">World Wide Web</a> sometime around 1989. Official standards development for HTTP has largely happened within the <a href=\"https://www.ietf.org/\">IETF</a>, though the <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/Protocols/\">W3C</a> also liaises with the <a href=\"https://httpwg.github.io/\">IEFT HTTP Working Group</a>. <a href=\"http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2616\">HTTP/1.1</a> is the most commonly used version and has been updated and specified in a series of IETF RFCs. The latest version is <a href=\"https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-httpbis-http2-17\">HTTP/2</a>, which was approved for publication as an IETF standard in February 2015."
        },
        {
            "name": "JSON",
            "group": 1,
            "data": "<a href=\"http://json.org/\">JSON</a>, also called JavaScript Object Notation, is a language-independent data format originally specified by <a href=\"http://www.crockford.com/\">Douglas Crockford</a> sometime around 2001. It is specified in two competing official standards, <a href=\"http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7159\">IETF RFC 7159</a> (published March 2014) and <a href=\"http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/files/ECMA-ST/ECMA-404.pdf\">Ecma International ECMA-404</a> (published October 2013)."
        },
        {
            "name": "TCP/IP",
            "group": 1,
            "data": "<a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_protocol_suite\">TCP/IP</a>, also called the Internet Protocol suite, is a model and set of communications protocols used for computer networks. It was developed in the late 1960s by <a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Kahn\">Robert Kahn</a> and <a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vint_Cerf\">Vint Cerf</a> through research funding from <a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DARPA\">DARPA</a>, an agency of the US Department of Defense. TCP/IP became a standard protocol after a lengthy industry battle over other protocols in the 90s, which included a specification from <a href=\"http://www.iso.org/iso/home.html\">ISO</a> agency <a href=\"http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=20269\">Open Systems Interconnection</a>. The Internet Protocol Suite is currently at <a href=\"http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc791\">IPv4</a> and is maintained through the <a href=\"https://www.ietf.org/\">IETF</a> and its sibling committee, <a href=\"https://irtf.org/\">IRTF</a>. <a href=\"http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2460\">IPv6</a>, is currently in development."
        },
        {
            "name": "Web APIs",
            "group": 1,
            "data": "<a href=\"https://docs.webplatform.org/wiki/apis\">Web APIs</a> are a collection of different <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/standards/techs/js#w3c_all\">JavaScript APIs</a> developed and openly specified across several different working groups. They include such technologies as <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/standards/history/webrtc\">WebRTC</a>, <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-webaudio-usecases-20130129/\">Web Audio</a>, <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/standards/history/workers\">Web Workers</a>, <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/standards/history/websockets\">Web Sockets</a>, <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/standards/history/geolocation-API\">Geolocation</a>, <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/standards/history/webstorage\">Storage</a>, and <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/standards/history/FileAPI\">File System</a> to name a few. Much of the specification work for these technologies takes place in the <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2008/webapps/\">Web Applications Working Group</a>, <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/html/wg/\">HTML Working Group</a>, and <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/tag/\">W3C TAG</a>."
        },
        {
            "name": "Ecma International",
            "group": 2,
            "data": "The <a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecma_International\">European Computer Manufacturers Association</a> was founded in 1961 with a goal to standardize computer systems in Europe. The name was changed to Ecma International in 1994, and today Ecma is a private, non-profit standards organization working on standardizing information communication technology and consumer electronics. It is comprised of four primary units: a <a href=\"http://www.ecma-international.org/memento/GA.htm\">General Assembly</a>, a basic <a href=\"http://www.ecma-international.org/memento/manag.htm\">Management structure</a>, a <a href=\"http://www.ecma-international.org/memento/secret.htm\">Secretariat</a>, and a <a href=\"http://www.ecma-international.org/memento/CC.htm\">Co-ordinating Committee</a>. The standards work itself is done within <a href=\"http://www.ecma-international.org/memento/org.htm\">technical committees</a>, which are formed by the Secretariat and comprised of Ecma members. Ecma has <a href=\"http://www.ecma-international.org/memento/members.htm\">69 listed members</a>, most of which are non-voting, <a href=\"http://www.ecma-international.org/memento/NFP.htm\">non-profit members</a>."
        },
        {
            "name": "WHATWG",
            "group": 2,
            "data": "The <a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WHATWG\">Web Hypertext Application Working Group</a> was founded in 2004 by individuals from Apple, Mozilla Foundation, and Opera Software. <a href=\"https://wiki.whatwg.org/wiki/FAQ#What_is_the_WHATWG.3F\">It describes itself</a> as a “growing community of people interested in evolving the Web,“ which anyone can contribute to by joining the <a href=\"https://whatwg.org/mailing-list\">WHATWG mailing list</a>. WHATWG editors maintain <a href=\"https://whatwg.org/specs\">several specifications</a>, including specs for <a href=\"https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/\">HTML</a>, <a href=\"https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/\">DOM</a>, and <a href=\"https://javascript.spec.whatwg.org/\">JavaScript</a> which it describes as <a href=\"https://wiki.whatwg.org/wiki/FAQ#What_does_.22Living_Standard.22_mean.3F\">‘living standards'</a> that are continuously updated. In 2007, the <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/html/wg/\">W3C HTML Working Group</a> agreed to use <a href=\"http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-html/2007May/0909.html\">WHATWG's HTML5 specification</a> as the starting point for its work on the next <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/\">W3C HTML specification</a>. At the end of 2017, WHATWG announced an Intellectual Property Rights policy and a Steering Group Membership for more formalized governance. These changes support WHATWG's development into a formal standards body."
        },
        {
            "name": "W3C",
            "group": 2,
            "data": "The <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/\">World Wide Web Consortium</a> was founded in 1994 by <a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee\">Tim Berners-Lee</a>. It is the primary standards body for several web technologies including <a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol\">HTML</a>, <a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cascading_Style_Sheets\">CSS</a>, <a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_markup_language\">MathML</a>, and <a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML\">XML</a>. <a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium#Specification_Maturation\">Specification development</a> is handled through a variety of <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/Consortium/activities\">W3C working groups</a>. The consortium is administered jointly by university groups <a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CSAIL\">MIT/CSAIL</a>, <a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keio_University\">Keio University</a>, <a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beihang_University\">Beihang University</a>, and <a href=\"https://www.ercim.eu\">ERCIM</a>, and a <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/Consortium/facts\">staff of about 80 people</a> including an executive and business development team. The W3C is governed by <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Member/List\">nearly 400 dues-paying members</a>, who represent businesses, nonprofit organizations, universities, government entities, and individuals."
        },
        {
            "name": "ISO",
            "group": 2,
            "data": "The <a href=\"https://www.iso.org\">International Organization for Standardization</a> is a network of national standards bodies with three <a href=\"http://www.iso.org/iso/home/about/iso_members.htm\">membership categories</a>: Member bodies, the only members of ISO with voting rights; Correspondent members, who are informed of ISO's work but do not participate in standards-setting; and Subscriber members, which represent countries with smaller economies and pay a reduced fee. Membership is distributed between two assembly groups: the <a href=\"http://www.iso.org/iso/home/standards_development/list_of_iso_technical_committees/iso_technical_committee.htm?commid=55010\">Council</a>, which provides guidance, governance, and budget-setting; and the <a href=\"http://www.iso.org/iso/home/standards_development/governance_of_technical_work.htm\">Technical Management Board</a>, which oversees <a href=\"http://www.iso.org/iso/home/standards_development/list_of_iso_technical_committees.htm\">technical committees</a> who develop and maintain more than 19,500 <a href=\"http://www.iso.org/iso/home/standards.htm\">ISO standards</a>. ISO is coordinated by a <a href=\"http://www.iso.org/iso/home/about/about_governance.htm\">Central Secretariat</a> in Geneva."
        },
        {
            "name": "IEC",
            "group": 2,
            "data": "The <a href=\"http://www.iec.ch/dyn/www/f?p=103:63:0\">International Electrotechnical Commission</a> is a non-profit organization working on standards for all electrical, electronic, and related technologies. There are <a href=\"http://www.iec.ch/about/profile/members.htm\">82 member countries</a>, called National Committees, which represent their nation's electrotechnical interests. Another 82 countries are recognized as <a href=\"http://www.iec.ch/affiliates/?ref=menu\">Affiliates</a>&mdash;developing nations becoming more involved in IEC standards work. It is comprised of a <a href=\"http://www.iec.ch/dyn/www/f?p=103:65:0::::FSP_ORG_ID,FSP_LANG_ID:3227,25\">Council of National Committees</a>, a <a href=\"http://www.iec.ch/dyn/www/f?p=103:47:0::::FSP_ORG_ID,FSP_LANG_ID:3254,25\">Council Board</a> which oversees an <a href=\"http://www.iec.ch/dyn/www/f?p=103:47:0::::FSP_ORG_ID,FSP_LANG_ID:3255,25\">Executive Committee</a>, <a href=\"http://www.iec.ch/dyn/www/f?p=103:47:0::::FSP_ORG_ID,FSP_LANG_ID:3228,25\">Standardization Management Board</a>, <a href=\"http://www.iec.ch/dyn/www/f?p=103:47:0::::FSP_ORG_ID,FSP_LANG_ID:3261,25\">Market Strategy Board</a>, and <a href=\"http://www.iec.ch/dyn/www/f?p=103:47:0::::FSP_ORG_ID,FSP_LANG_ID:3250,25\">Conformity Assessment Board</a>, as well as a variety of <a href=\"http://www.iec.ch/dyn/www/f?p=103:62:0::::FSP_LANG_ID:25\">technical committees</a> and <a href=\"http://www.iec.ch/dyn/www/f?p=103:89:0::::FSP_ORG_ID,FSP_LANG_ID:3250,25\">working groups</a>."
        },
        {
            "name": "ISO/IEC JTC 1",
            "group": 3,
            "data": "<a href=\"http://www.iso.org/iso/jtc1_home.html\">ISO/IEC JTC1</a> was <a href=\"https://jtc1history.wordpress.com/\">formed as a merger of three subcommittees</a> to avoid duplicative or incompatible standards between standards bodies. The group's purpose is to develop, maintain, and promote standards in the fields of information technology and information and communications technology. <a href=\"http://www.iso.org/iso/home/standards_development/list_of_iso_technical_committees/iso_technical_committee.htm?commid=45020&tab=structure\">JTC1 subcommittees and working groups</a> are responsible for more than <a href=\"http://www.iso.org/iso/home/store/catalogue_tc/catalogue_tc_browse.htm?commid=45020&development=on\">2600 published standards</a> in areas such as <a href=\"http://www.iso.org/iso/home/store/catalogue_tc/catalogue_tc_browse.htm?commid=45374&development=on\">programming languages</a>, <a href=\"http://www.iso.org/iso/home/store/catalogue_tc/catalogue_tc_browse.htm?commid=45050&development=on\">character sets</a>, and <a href=\"http://www.iso.org/iso/home/store/catalogue_tc/catalogue_tc_browse.htm?commid=45316&development=on\">multimedia</a>. The secretariat of JTC1 is <a href=\"http://www.iso.org/iso/home/standards_development/list_of_iso_technical_committees/iso_technical_committee.htm?commid=45020&tab=about\">ANSI</a>."
        },
        {
            "name": "Internet Society",
            "group": 2,
            "data": "The <a href=\"http://www.internetsociety.org/\">Internet Society</a> (abbreviated ISoc) is an international non-profit organization founded by <a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vint_Cerf\">Vint Cerf</a> and <a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Kahn\">Robert Kahn</a> to provide leadership in Internet-related standards, education, and public policy. ISoc has more than <a href=\"http://www.internetsociety.org/get-involved/individuals\">65,000 individual members</a>, <a href=\"http://www.internetsociety.org/get-involved/join-community/organisations-and-corporations/list-members\">145 member organizations</a>, and <a href=\"http://www.internetsociety.org/who-we-are/chapters\">100 regional chapters</a> governed by a <a href=\"http://www.internetsociety.org/who-we-are/board-trustees\">Board of Trustees</a>. It is the parent organization of the <a href=\"https://www.ietf.org/\">IETF</a> and holds the copyright to all IETF standards documents. It is also the parent organization of the <a href=\"http://www.iab.org/\">IAB</a>, the <a href=\"http://www.ietf.org/iesg/\">IESG</a>, and the <a href=\"https://irtf.org/\">IRTF</a>."
        },
        {
            "name": "IETF",
            "group": 2,
            "data": "The <a href=\"https://www.ietf.org/\">Internet Engineering Task Force</a> was founded in 1986 with a mission to “<a href=\"https://www.ietf.org/about/mission.html\">to make the Internet work better</a>“ and thus focuses on developing voluntary standards for <a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_protocol_suite\">TCP/IP</a>. There is <a href=\"https://www.ietf.org/newcomers.html#start\">no formal membership</a> or membership requirements to IETF, though <a href=\"http://www.arkko.com/tools/allstats/\">contributorship statistics</a> are available. IETF was a US Government-sponsored activity until 1993, when it was transferred to the <a href=\"http://www.internetsociety.org\">Internet Society</a> to provide corporate structure. <a href=\"http://www.ietf.org/iesg/\">IESG</a> is responsible for the operation of IETF, and the <a href=\"http://www.iab.org/\">IAB</a> oversees its external relationships."
        },
        {
            "name": "IESG",
            "group": 3,
            "data": "The <a href=\"https://www.ietf.org/iesg/\">Internet Engineering Steering Group</a> is responsible for technical management of <a href=\"https://www.ietf.org/\">IETF</a> activities and for overseeing the <a href=\"https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2026.txt\">Internet standards process</a>. It is comprised of the <a href=\"https://www.ietf.org/iesg/bio/jari-arkko.html\">IETF Chairperson</a> and a group of <a href=\"https://www.ietf.org/iesg/members.html\">IETF Area Directors</a> who are selected by a <a href=\"https://www.ietf.org/nomcom/index.html\">Nominations Committee</a>. IESG members serve a term of two years."
        },
        {
            "name": "IAB",
            "group": 3,
            "data": "The <a href=\"http://www.iab.org/\">Internet Architecture Board</a> is an <a href=\"http://www.internetsociety.org\">Internet Society</a> committee charged with technical and engineering development of the Internet through oversight of the <a href=\"https://www.ietf.org/\">IETF</a> and <a href=\"https://irtf.org/\">IRTF</a>. Originally formed in 1979 as the <a href=\"http://www.iab.org/about/history/\">Internet Configuration Control Board</a>, it became the Internet Advisory Board in 1984 and later the Internet Activities Board in 1986. The modern form of the IAB was created in 1992 when the <a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Protocol\">Internet Protocol</a> was transferred from a government entity to ISoc. IAB is comprised of <a href=\"https://www.iab.org/about/iab-members/\">13 members</a> - the IETF chairperson and 12 appointed members."
        },
        {
            "name": "IRTF",
            "group": 3,
            "data": "The <a href=\"https://irtf.org/\">Internet Research Task Force</a> is an <a href=\"http://www.iab.org/\">IAB</a> committee responsible for long term research issues related to the Internet. It is comprised of <a href=\"https://irtf.org/groups\">9 different research groups</a> in areas such as <a href=\"https://irtf.org/cfrg\">cryptography</a>, <a href=\"https://irtf.org/iccrg\">Internet congestion control</a>, <a href=\"https://irtf.org/gaia\">global access</a>, and <a href=\"https://irtf.org/sdnrg\">software-defined networking</a>. IRTF is managed by the <a href=\"https://irtf.org/chair\">IRTF chairperson</a> and the <a href=\"https://irtf.org/irsg\">IRSG</a>, a 27-person steering committee."
        },
        {
            "name": "TC39",
            "group": 4,
            "data": "<a href=\"http://www.ecma-international.org/memento/TC39.htm\">Technical Committee 39</a> works on standardization of the <a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ECMAScript\">ECMAScript language</a> for the standards body <a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecma_International\">Ecma International</a>. The group is comprised of 20-30 individuals from <a href=\"http://www.ecma-international.org/memento/members.htm\">Ecma member organizations</a> and <a href=\"http://www.ecma-international.org/memento/TC39-M.htm\">meets bi-monthly</a>. It is responsible for the latest version of ECMAScript as specified in <a href=\"http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-262.htm\">ECMA-262</a> and its <a href=\"http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/techreports/E-TR-104.htm\">companion test suite</a>, as well as current work on <a href=\"http://wiki.ecmascript.org/doku.php?id=harmony:specification_drafts\">ECMAScript 6</a>, also called Harmony or ES.next. The <a href=\"http://www.ecma-international.org/memento/TC39-RF-TG.htm\">TC39-Royalty Free Task Group</a> was created to allow non-Ecma members to contribute to the specification."
        },
        {
            "name": "RICG",
            "group": 4,
            "data": "The <a href=\"http://responsiveimages.org/\">Responsive Images Community Group</a> is a group of developers working on “a client-side solution for delivering alternate image data based on device capabilities to prevent wasted bandwidth and optimize display for both screen and print.“ It is a <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/community/groups/\">W3C Community Group</a> created by <a href=\"https://twitter.com/wilto\">Mat Marquis</a> in 2012 in response to a <a href=\"http://alistapart.com/blog/post/why-responsive-images-matter\">disagreement</a> with <a href=\"https://whatwg.org\">WHATWG</a>. To its creators' knowledge, it is the only community group to have their implementation accepted into both the <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/html-picture-element/\">W3C</a> and <a href=\"http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/embedded-content.html#the-picture-element\">WHATWG HTML</a> specifications."
        },
        {
            "name": "W3C TAG",
            "group": 3,
            "data": "The <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/tag/\">W3C Technical Architecture Group</a> is <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2004/10/27-tag-charter.html\">chartered</a> by the <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2005/10/Process-20051014/organization.html#TAG\">W3C’s Process Document</a> with stewardship of the overall architecture of the Web. The group coordinates developments across varying web technologies and working groups to help resolve issues and provide direction as necessary. <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/\">W3C</a> Founder <a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee\">Tim Berners-Lee</a> serves as the chair of the 9-person group, which includes 5 members elected from by the <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2005/10/Process-20051014/organization.html#AC\">W3C Advisory Committee</a> and 3 members appointed by the chair."
        },
        {
            "name": "CSS Working Group",
            "group": 4,
            "data": "The <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/Style/CSS/\">CSS Working Group</a> writes and maintains drafts and specifications for CSS and its varying modules. The group is open to public participation via its <a href=\"http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-style/\">mailing list</a> and <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/blog/CSS/\">blog</a>, however official <a href=\"https://www.w3.org/Style/CSS/members\">CSS Working Group membership</a> is limited to individuals in <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Member/List\">W3C member organizations</a>. Its <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2010/09/CSSWG/charter\">W3C charter</a> expired in September 2013, however the group remains in operation."
        },
        {
            "name": "HTML Working Group",
            "group": 4,
            "data": "The <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/html/wg/\">HTML Working Group</a> was chartered by the W3C to “define and continue the development of HTML and the APIs for interacting with its resources.“ The group is open to public participation via <a href=\"http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-html/\">email</a> and <a href=\"irc://irc.w3.org/html-wg\">irc</a>; however to officially <a href=\"https://www.w3.org/2000/09/dbwg/details?group=40318&public=1\">join the group</a> one must belong to a <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Member/List\">W3C member organization</a> and receive nomination from an <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2005/10/Process-20051014/organization.html#AC\">Advisory Committee</a> representative, or get <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/40318/instructions#nonmember\">special approval</a> of the group’s Chairs. Its <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2013/09/html-charter.html\">charter</a> expires in June 2015."
        },
        {
            "name": "SVG Working Group",
            "group": 4,
            "data": "The <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/\">SVG Working Group</a> is chartered by the W3C to “continue the evolution of <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalable_Vector_Graphics\">Scalable Vector Graphics</a> as a format and a platform, and enhance the adoption and usability of SVG.” Most notably, the group works on syntax, styling, and an API for SVG. While the SVG Working Group’s proceedings are public via a <a href=\"http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-svg/\">mailing list</a> and <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/WG/wiki/Meetings\">weekly teleconference</a>, there are no clear directions for officially joining <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/09/dbwg/details?group=19480&public=1\">SVG Working Group membership</a>. The <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/2014/new-charter\">group’s charter</a> expires in October 2016."
        },
        {
            "name": "Math Working Group",
            "group": 4,
            "data": "The <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/Math/#group\">Math Working Group</a> was formed to “facilitate and promote the use of the Web for mathematical and scientific communication.” Its primary deliverable is <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/MathML3/\">MathML 3.0</a>, which was published as a W3C recommendation on April 10, 2014, and a <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/Math/testsuite/\">corresponding test suite</a>. Official participation in the group follows rules outlined in <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2004/02/Process-20040205/groups.html#group-participation\">Section 6.2.1 of the W3C Process Document</a>, but group discussions are available for public comment via a <a href=\"http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-math/\">mailing list</a>. The Math Working Group’s <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/Math/Documents/Charter2006.html\">charter</a> expires in March 2016."
        },
        {
            "name": "Web Applications Working Group",
            "group": 4,
            "data": "Formerly the WebAPI and Web Application Format Working Groups, the W3C’s <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2008/webapps/\">Web Applications Working Group</a> was formed to “provide specifications that enable improved client-side application development on the Web.” The group works on an <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2014/06/webapps-charter.html#deliverables\">array of technologies</a> which can extend existing specifications in other working groups, including Web Components, Web Workers, and DOM events to name a few. Public discussion is available on the <a href=\"http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webapps/\">group’s mailing list</a>, though <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/09/dbwg/details?group=42538&public=1&gs=1&\">official membership</a> is restricted to those following <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2004/02/Process-20040205/groups.html#group-participation\">Section 6.2.1 of the W3C Process Document</a>. The <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/2014/06/webapps-charter.html\">group’s charter</a> expires in July 2016."
        }
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