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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zxx">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="description" content="Activitar Template">
<meta name="keywords" content="Activitar, unica, creative, html">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<title>川剧文化专有项</title>
<!-- Google Font -->
<link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Nunito+Sans:400,600,700,800,900&display=swap" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Oswald:300,400,500,600,700&display=swap" rel="stylesheet">
<!-- Css Styles -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/bootstrap.min.css" type="text/css">
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</head>
<body>
<!-- Page Preloder -->
<div id="preloder">
<div class="loader"></div>
</div>
<!-- Header Section Begin -->
<header class="header-section header-normal">
<div class="container-fluid">
<div class="logo">
<a href="./index.html">
<img src="img/logo.png" alt="">
</a>
</div>
<div class="top-social">
<a href="#"><i class="fa fa-pinterest-p"></i></a>
<a href="#"><i class="fa fa-linkedin"></i></a>
<a href="#"><i class="fa fa-pinterest-p"></i></a>
<a href="#"><i class="fa fa-youtube-play"></i></a>
<a href="#"><i class="fa fa-instagram"></i></a>
</div>
<div class="container">
<div class="nav-menu">
<nav class="mainmenu mobile-menu">
<ul>
<li><a href="./index.html">首页</a></li>
<li><a href="./introduction.html">川剧简介</a></li>
<li><a href="./classic.html">经典剧目</a></li>
<li class="active"><a href="./specific.html">川剧文化专有项</a></li>
<li><a href="./contact.html">联系我们</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>
</div>
</div>
<div id="mobile-menu-wrap"></div>
</div>
</header>
<!-- Header End -->
<!-- Gallery Section Begin -->
<section class="gallery-section spad">
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-lg-12">
<div class="gallery-controls">
<ul>
<li class="active" data-filter="*">全部</li>
<li data-filter=".a">行当角色</li>
<li data-filter=".b">技巧术语</li>
<li data-filter=".c">川剧剧目</li>
<li data-filter=".d">其他</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row gallery-filter">
<div class="col-lg-4 col-sm-6 mix a" >
<div class="gallery-item">
<img src="img/行当角色/生角.jpg"" alt="">
<div class="gi-hover-warp">
<div class="gi-hover">
<a href="img/行当角色/生角.jpg" class="image-popup"><i class="fa fa-search-plus"></i></a>
<a href="#" data-id="popup1" class="toggle-popup"><i class="fa fa-chain"></i></a>
<h6>生角<span>SHENG (Young Man)</span></h6>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Popup container -->
<div id="popup1" class="popup" style="display: none;">
<div class="popup-content">
<span class="close-btn">×</span>
<h2>生角 - Character Description</h2>
<p>英文术语：SHENG (Young Man)
<br>
中文释义：小生的旧称。
<br>
英文释义：Sheng is an old name for Xiao Sheng.</p>
<ul>具体分类：
<br>
<li>中文术语：文小生
<br>
英文术语：WEN XIAO SHENG (Young Intellectual Man)
<br>
中文释义：扮演青年男性，不挂髯口，主要扮演文人秀士，少数帝王公卿。要求
扮相漂亮，口齿伶俐，表演因人物的不同，分别讲究有书卷气、迂气、酸气等。
<br>
英文释义：Wen Xiao Sheng is young male roles without whiskers. Mostly they are
scholars and men of letters, sometimes emperors and high officials. With exquisite
costume and makeup, Wen Xiao Sheng is required to be articulate and good at singing.
They can be played with different features, such as bookish, poor and pedantic.</li>
<br
<li>中文术语：武小生
<br>
英文术语：WU XIAO SHENG (Man with Martial Skills)
<br>
中文释义：多扮演英雄、武勇的青年男性，其中有元帅大将，也有江湖好汉与盗
贼强徒之流。
<br>
英文释义：Wu Xiao Sheng is mostly young men of courage and martial arts, including
generals, marshals, bandits, criminals and heroic outlaws.</li>
<br>
<li>中文术语：帕帕生
<br>
英文术语：PA PA SHENG (Boy)
<br>
中文释义：在川剧中扮演少年或儿童，或称“娃娃生”、“扒扒生”。这类角色要
求身材矮小，眉目清秀，五官端正，童音清脆，天真烂漫，活泼可爱。常常由刚
学戏的青少年演员担任。
<br>
英文释义：Pa Pa Sheng is a child or teenager, also called “Wa Wa Sheng” or “Ba Ba
Sheng”. The performers should be vivacious, lovely, short in height, and well-featured.
He should also sing in a natural and clear voice. Usually, the actors are children who
have just got into the career.</li>
<br>
<li>中文术语：大小生
<br>
英文术语：DA XIAO SHENG (Important Xiao Sheng)
<br>
中文释义：大小生在川剧中是较为重要的男青年角色。不论帝王将相、公卿大夫、
士农工商、渔樵耕读，都有此类人物。以正面人物居多。对其主要要求同文生。
<br>
英文释义：Da Xiao Sheng refers to important young male roles. He can be an emperor,
general, high official, scholar, farmer, artisan and merchant, fisherman, woodman,
farmer, intellectual, and so on. Most Da Xiao Sheng roles are protagonists with good
personalities, and the requirements for them are the same as those for Wen Xiao Sheng
roles.</li>
<br>
<li>中文术语：二小生
<br>
英文术语：ER XIAO SHENG (Minor Xiao Sheng)
<br>
中文释义：系与大小生相对而言，多扮演剧中次要角色。
<br>
英文释义：Er Xiao Sheng is less import role compared with Da Xiao Sheng.</li>
<br>
<li>中文术语：三小生
<br>
英文术语：SAN XIAO SHENG (Least Important Xiao Sheng)
<br>
中文释义：三小生较二小生年龄为小，在川剧中的地位和作用也较低。
<br>
英文释义：San Xiao Sheng is younger than Er Xiao Sheng and is the least important
compared with Da Xiao Sheng and Er Xiao Sheng.</li>
<br>
<li>中文术语：正生
<br>
英文术语：ZHENG SHENG (Middle-aged Sheng)
<br>
中文释义：所演人物多属中年男性，上起帝王将相，下至平民百姓，文武俱有。
因戴口条，又称“须生”。讲做派，重唱工，要求噪音清亮，身材宜清瘦，高矮适
中，举止潇洒大方。
<br>
英文释义：Zheng Sheng roles are mostly middle-aged men, from grassroots
to men of higher status. They can either be educated intellectuals
or men with martial skills. As
Zheng Sheng wears whiskers, he is also called Xu Sheng (Xu means whiskers). Postures
and vocals are essential for Zheng Sheng. They should be slim and of medium height,
sing loudly and clearly, and behave naturally.
</li>
<br>
<li>中文术语：老生
<br>
英文术语：LAO SHENG (Elderly Man)
<br>
中文释义：扮演老年男性，多戴麻髯或白髯，可演帝王、将相、官吏、平民乃至
奴仆。表演上除具有唱做念功外，还需有扑跌翻滚功夫。
<br>
英文释义：Lao Sheng is the role of elderly men with black or white beards. It can be
emperors, generals, ministers, officials, civilian and slaves. In addition to singing,
acting and reciting, Lao Sheng should have skills of tumbling and rolling.</li>
<br>
<li>中文术语：红生
<br>
英文术语：HONG SHENG (Zheng Sheng with Red Face)
<br>
中文释义：川剧正生的一种。开红脸，讲究工架，有英雄气度，唱腔较一般正生
高亢，多用琐呐伴奏，主要扮演三国戏中的关羽。
<br>
英文释义：Hong Sheng is a subtype of Zheng Sheng. Having a red face, the role of
Hong Sheng has elegant postures and behaves heroically. With Suona accompaniment,
he sings in a higher-pitched voice than Zheng Sheng. Guan Yu, from stories of the Three
Kingdoms, is a typical and the most important role of Hong Sheng.</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Background overlay -->
<div id="overlay" class="overlay" style="display: none;"></div>
<div class="col-lg-4 col-sm-6 mix a">
<div class="gallery-item">
<img src="img/行当角色/旦角.jpg"" alt="">
<div class="gi-hover-warp">
<div class="gi-hover">
<a href="img/行当角色/旦角.jpg" class="image-popup"><i class="fa fa-search-plus"></i></a>
<a href="#" data-id="popup2" class="toggle-popup"><i class="fa fa-chain"></i></a>
<h6>旦角 <span>DAN (Women)</span></h6>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Popup container -->
<div id="popup2" class="popup" style="display: none;">
<div class="popup-content">
<span class="close-btn">×</span>
<h2>旦角 - Character Description</h2>
<p>英文术语：DAN (Woman)
<br>
中文释义：扮演女性人物。根据所演人物类型和表演艺术特点，又分为闺门旦、
青衣旦、正旦、奴旦，泼辣旦、鬼狐旦，摇旦等。
<br>
英文释义： Dan is a general term for female characters. In accordance with
characteristics and features of the roles played, Dan falls into several different subcategories:
Gui Men Dan, Qing Yi Dan, Zheng Dan, Nu Dan, Po La Dan, Gui Hu Dan,
and Yao Dan.。</p>
<ul>具体分类：
<br>
<li>中文术语：青衣
<br>
英文术语：QING YI (Virtuous Woman)
<br>
中文释义：多扮演身世清苦或遭遇不幸的青、中年妇女，因其身穿青色苦褶子，
故称青衣旦，或简称“青衣”。她们具有吃苦耐劳，性格善良，老成凝重，品格
优秀，端庄贤淑，举止大方，道德情操高尚，不苟言笑等特点。
<br>
英文释义：Qing Yi is young or middle-aged woman who have experienced hardships
and misfortunes. Dressed in cyan, they are called Qing Yi Dan, or Qing Yi, which means
cyan clothes. They are kind, serious, dignified, virtuous, and are willing to bear
hardships.</li>
<br>
<li>中文术语：闺门旦
<br>
英文术语：GUI MEN DAN (Unmarried Young Girl)
<br>
中文释义：主要扮演待字闺中的青春少女。大家闺秀为官宦富豪人家小姐，行动
拘谨，不苟言笑，具有“行不动裙、笑不露龈”的特点，一般穿褶子和钳子，捆
大头，用摺扇；小家碧玉出身于劳动人民家庭，爽朗活泼，一般穿色调鲜艳的褶
子，下穿彩裤，不穿裙子，捆大头，梳偏转或扎毛辫，多用手巾，不用摺扇。
<br>
英文释义：Gui Men Dan is unmarried young girls. They can be from noble families
or of humble birth. Those from noble families are overcautious and serious, “walking
without moving their dress and smiling without showing their teeth”. They are dressed
gorgeously and wear a complicated hairstyle, holding a fan. Those of noble birth are
cheerful and vivacious, wearing colorful robes and pants instead of a dress and holding
a handkerchief instead of a fan. Their hair is also tightened and is parted on one side or
braided.</li>
<br>
<li>
中文术语：正旦
<br>
英文术语：ZHENG DAN (Elite Woman)
<br>
中文释义：多扮演贤淑端庄，有一定地位的中年妇女。如贤淑端庄的后妃、夫人
等中年妇女，穿披着蟒，或宫装。
<br>
英文释义：Zheng Dan is dignified middle-aged women with higher social statuses,
such as imperial concubines and wives of high officials who wear Mang (court robes).
</li>
<br>
<li>
中文术语：泼辣旦
<br>
英文术语：PO LA DAN (Feisty Woman)
<br>
中文释义：扮演性格泼辣的中年妇女，具有“垮嘴瞪眼直挺身”的特点。
<br>
英文释义：Po La Dan is a subtype of Zheng Dan, usually middle-aged
feisty women. In order to stress their personality, their jaws are often dropping, eyes
staring and backs straightened.
</li>
<br>
<li>
中文术语：奴旦
<br>
英文术语：NU DAN (Maidservant)
<br>
中文释义：多扮演天真活泼、机警伶俐的丫环，婢女或宫女之类的人物。动作多
轻快，步法带弹性，穿小旦褶子、彩裤；有的外套花缎背心，拴风带，系围腰，
捆大头或扎毛辫，用团扇。
<br>
英文释义：Nu Dan are servant girls who are mostly innocent, vivacious, vigilant and
clever. A typical Nu Dan is light-footed, wearing robes for Xiao Dan and colorful pants.
Some also wear a dornick vest, with a decorative belt around their arms and a single
piece of cloth wrapped around hips and a moon-shaped fan in hands. They braid their
hair or wear the Da Tou hairstyle.
</li>
<br>
<li>
中文术语：花旦
<br>
英文术语：HUA DAN (Vivacious Young Woman)
<br>
中文释义：多扮演性格明快活泼或轻浮放浪的青年妇女，具有“七分灵巧三分笑”
的特点。根据剧中人物的特定身份，如系烟花妓女，则称“烟花旦”；如系神女
仙姬，则称“神仙旦”。
<br>
英文释义：Hua Dan is young women who are either vivaciousness or light-minded,
also smart and laugh a lot. There are several names of Hua Dan based on what the roles
are. For example, a prostitute would be called Yan Hua Dan (Yan Hua refers to
prostitute) and a fairy would be called Shen Xian Dan (Shen Xian means celestial
beings).
</li>
<br>
<li>
中文术语：武旦
<br>
英文术语：WU DAN (Woman with Martial Arts)
<br>
中文释义：扮演勇武的女性，表演上着重武打，要求具有翻腾扑跌等武功和“打
出手”等特技，不扎靠，穿打衣战裙，多为侠女、仙女及女妖之类的人物。
<br>
英文释义：Wu Dan refers to valiant female characters skilled in martial arts such as
rolling, jumping, tumbling and some acrobatic routine such as Da Chu Shou (launching
weapons). Wearing martial jacket and skirt instead of stage armors, most of them are
chivalrous women, fairies and female demons.
</li>
<br>
<li>
中文术语：刀马旦
<br>
英文术语：DAO MA DAN (Female Warrior)
<br>
中文释义：主要扮演擅长武艺、带军作战的青壮年女性，武打不如武旦，表演着
重唱做和舞蹈，要求具有把子功、翎子功等，扎女儿靠，戴女帅盔。
<br>
英文释义：Dao Ma Dan refers to young or middle-aged female characters skilled in
the martial arts and commanding troops. Wearing stage armors and helmets for female
generals, Dao Ma Dan emphasizes more on singing, dancing, and gestures than martial
arts. They master some special acrobatic skills such as Ba Zi Gong (fighting techniques)
and Ling Zi Gong (the skills to sway the feathers on helmet).
</li>
<br>
<li>
中文术语：鬼狐旦
<br>
英文术语：GUI HU DAN (Female Ghost or Fox)
<br>
中文释义：川剧独特的旦行类别。综合花旦、武旦，刀马旦、青衣旦的特点而形
成，专演剧中鬼狐化身的人物。鬼旦耍绫子，狐旦耍翎子，是二者的专功。表演
上要求身段灵动，步法矫健，掉形换影，飘忽不定，具有“快、灵、惊、诧，疑”
的体态特点。
<br>
英文释义：Gui Hu Dan is a unique subtype of Dan in Sichuan Opera. Combining the
features and characteristics of Hua Dan, Wu Dan, Dao Ma Dan, and Qing Yi Dan, Gui
Hu Dan is the role of women who are transformed from ghosts or foxes. Gui Dan
(transformed from ghosts) is good at waving satin band and Hu Dan (transformed from
foxes) swaying feathers on their heads. A flexible body and swift movements are
required. They can be quick, dexterous, surprised, and suspicious in their performance.
</li>
<br>
<li>
中文术语：老旦
<br>
英文术语：LAO DAN (Elderly Woman)
<br>
中文释义：扮演老年妇女，着重突出老年人的形体特点，唱用本嗓，穿戴因身份
而异。
<br>
英文释义：Lao Dan is aged women. The postures and features of the elderly are
highlighted in their performance. They sing in their natural voices and their costumes
vary based on their identities.
</li>
<br>
<li>
中文术语：娃娃旦
<br>
英文术语：WA WA DAN (Girl)
<br>
中文释义：扮演幼年女孩的角色。
<br>
英文释义：Wa Wa Dan is the role of little girls.
</li>
<br>
<li>
中文术语：丑旦
<br>
英文术语：CHOU DAN (Clownish Woman)
<br>
中文释义：类似京剧的彩旦，扮演奸刁刻薄或鄙俗可笑的妇女，习惯上都由丑角
演员扮演，属丑行。一般不包大头，戴额子或用青绫帕，也有的穿“时装”。
<br>
英文释义：Chou Dan is a role similar to Cai Dan in Beijing Opera. It represents women
who are treacherous or vulgar. It belongs to the category of Chou and is customarily
played by the performers of Chou. Instead of wearing the Da Tou hairstyle, Chou Dan
usually wears a diadem or green satin headscarf. Some of them also have “fashionable
clothes” on.
</li>
<br>
<li>
中文术语：摇旦
<br>
英文术语：YAO DAN (Woman who is fierce, jealous or funny)
<br>
中文释义：川剧独特的旦行类别。扮演凶狠悍妒或滑稽风趣之类的妇女，包大头，
有的贴太阳膏，唱念中常耍花腔，用弹音，加语尾，多为鸨母、媒婆、晚娘、丑
女、悍妇、傻丫头等。
<br>
英文释义：The role is women who are fierce, jealous or funny. Some of them wear Da
Tou hairstyle while others wear Tai Yang Gao. They sing and recite with the skill of
coloratura, a flap of their tongue and some typical endings when finishing sentences.
Most of them are bawds, matchmakers, stepmothers, ugly women, hellcats, silly girls
and so on.
</li>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-lg-4 col-sm-6 mix a">
<div class="gallery-item">
<img src="img/行当角色/净角.png"" alt="">
<div class="gi-hover-warp">
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<a href="img/行当角色/净角.png" class="image-popup"><i class="fa fa-search-plus"></i></a>
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<h6>净角 <span>JING (Man with Painted Face)</span></h6>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
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<h2>净角 - Character Description</h2>
<p>中文术语：净
<br>
英文术语：JING (Man with Painted Face)
<br>
中文释义：川剧行当的基本类型之一。花脸（因面部勾画脸谱而得名）的旧称。
花脸行一般按人物气质及表演特点等不同而分别为文、武两类（但分支类型只相
对而称“武花脸”，不称“文花脸”）。花脸行演员要求面庞宽大，身材魁梧，嗓
音浑厚而宏亮，并具有扎实的唱、念、做、打基本功。
<br>
英文释义：Jing is a basic type of role in Sichuan Opera, formerly known as Hua Lian
(Painted Face). Jing roles are further divided into the Wen (civil) and Wu (martial)
according to their personalities and features. (However, there is only the term “Wu Hua
Lian”, but no term “Wen Hua Lian”.) The actors of Hua Lian should be tall and strong,
with a big face and sonorous voice, and they are required to be arduous and well trained
in singing, reciting, acting and fighting.</p>
<ul>具体分类：
<br>
<li>
中文术语：大花脸
<br>
英文术语：DA HUA LIAN (Main Hua Lian)
<br>
中文释义：大花脸主要指剧中的显要人物。此类角色多穿蟒袍玉带，故又称袍带
花脸。
<br>
英文释义：Da Hua Lian is people of power and influence. They usually wear Mang
(Court Robe) and Yu Dai (Stiffened Jade Belt), so that they are also called Pao Dai Hua
Lian (Pao Dai means robe and belt).
</li>
<br>
<li>
中文术语：粉脸
<br>
英文术语：FEN LIAN (Jing with Pink Face)
<br>
中文释义：实际为袍带花脸的一种，又称“粉净”。多扮演权奸佞臣或无道昏君
之类的人物，常穿蟒。川剧的粉净，不似京剧粉净那样画涂浓厚的白粉，只是在
脸上揉上一层淡淡的水粉，因而称为“肉粉脸”。
<br>
英文释义：Fen Lian, also called Fen Jing, is a type of Pao Dai Hua Lian. Fen Lian
mostly is treacherous court officials and unscrupulous rulers who usually wear Mang
(Court Robe). Fen Jing in Sichuan Opera does not put thick white powders on their face
like those in Beijing Opera do. Instead, they just put on a thin layer of liquid powder,
so they are also called Rou Fen Lian (Rou Fen means pink, like the color of our skin).
</li>
<br>
<li>
中文术语：靠甲花脸
<br>
英文术语：KAO JIA HUA LIAN (Hua Lian with Martial Arts)
<br>
中文释义：多扮演武将，扎靠子，穿龙箭，讲究架子功。
<br>
英文释义：Kao Jia Hua Lian is military officers who wear Kao Zi (Stage Armor) and
Long Jian (dragon robe with fitted sleeves for shooting arrows). They should act their
postures and gestures well.
</li>
<br>
<li>
中文术语：铜锤花脸
<br>
英文术语：TONG CHUI HUA LIAN (Hua Lian Who Are Very Good at Singing)
<br>
中文释义：戏曲中花脸的一种，偏重唱工
<br>
英文释义：Tong Chui Hua Lian is a type of Hua Lian who emphasizes singing a lot.
</li>
<br>
<li>
中文术语：草鞋花脸
<br>
英文术语：CAO XIE HUA LIAN (Hua Lian Wearing Straw Sandals)
<br>
中文释义：川剧独特的净行类别。多扮演草莽英雄或性格直爽、粗犷、风趣之类
的人物。一般着打衣，不一定都穿草鞋。表演着重唱做，特别讲究式口美。
<br>
英文释义：Cao Xie Hua Lian is a unique subtype of Jing in Sichuan Opera. They are
grassroots heroes or people who are frank, straightforward and humorous.
<br>
</li>
<br>
<li>
中文术语：猫儿花脸
<br>
英文术语：MAO ER HUA LIAN (Cat Hua Lian)
<br>
中文释义：川剧独特的净行类别。在剧中多作为粉脸角色的爪牙，或饰心怀叵测
的小人。其脸谱的特点是：不勾满整个脸部，只在脸上画一块比三花脸（丑）的
“豆腐块”面积稍大的“阅饼”，故又称“二饼饼花脸”。
<br>
英文释义：Mao Er Hua Lian is a unique subtype of Jing in Sichuan Opera. They are
the partisans of Fen Lian or bad guys with evil intentions. The features of their makeup
are as follows: the makeup does not cover the whole face, instead, they just draw a Yue
Bing (the shape of pancake) which is a little bigger than the Tofu shape of San Hua Lian
(Chou) on their face; hence they are also called Er Bing Bing Hua Lian.
</li>
<br>
<li>
中文术语：二花脸
<br>
英文术语：ER HUA LIAN (Less Important Hua Lian)
中文释义：因其所扮人物均非剧中主要净角，故称“二花脸”，也称“副净”或
“二净”。
<br>
英文释义：Er Hua Lian, Fu Jing (Fu means vice) or Er Jing (Er means secondary) are
roles of Jing of less importance.
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
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<img src="img/行当角色/末.png"" alt="">
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<h6>末角<span>MO(a supporting male lead)</span></h6>
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</div>
</div>
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<h2>末角 - Character Description</h2>
<p>中文术语：末
<br>
英文术语：MO (Servant)
<br>
中文释义：扮演一般奴仆者称末角, 中年称中末, 老年称老末。
<br>
英文释义：Mo, are the roles of servants. Middle-aged servants are called Zhong Mo
(Zhong refers to the middle) while elderly servants are called Lao Mo (Lao means aged).
</p>
<ul>末的相近行当:
<br>
<li>中文术语：须生
<br>
英文术语：XU SHENG (Middle-aged or Elderly Sheng with Whiskers)
<br>
中文释义：川剧行当的基本类型之一，旧称末，亦称生角。与小生相对应，扮演
除花脸、丑角之外的中、老年男性人物，因戴胡须（亦称髯口、口条）而得名。
须生行演员多以真声为主，要求嗓音宏亮，身材适度，文武兼备。
<br>
英文释义：Xu Sheng is a basic role in Sichuan Opera, formerly known as Mo or Sheng
Jue. Opposite to Xiao Sheng, Xu Sheng is middle-aged or elderly men (but not Hua
Lian and Chou). They are called Xu Sheng because of wearing whiskers (Xu), and their
voices are natural and resonant. The actors of Xu Sheng are also required to be of
moderate stature and be good at singing, reciting and fighting.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
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<img src="img/行当角色/丑.png"" alt="">
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<h6>丑角<span>CHOU(the jester)</span></h6>
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<h2>丑角 - Character Description</h2>
<p>中文术语：丑
<br>
英文术语：CHOU (Clown)
中文释义：俗称“小花脸”“三花脸”。川剧丑行扮演的人物多种多样，上至帝王
将相，下至市井平民，三教九流，医卜星相，男女老幼，以至神仙鬼怪，无所不
有。有清正廉明，心地善良，语言幽默，行为滑稽的好人，也有奸诈刁恶，悭吝
卑鄙，口蜜腹剑，人面兽心的恶徒。丑行之中又分为袍带丑、官衣丑、龙箭丑、
褶子丑、襟襟丑、烟子丑、武丑、老丑等。扮演女性人物的称丑旦、丑婆子。
<br>
英文释义：Chou is commonly known as “Xiao Hua Lian” (Little Flower Face) or “San
Hua Lian” (Least Important Hua Lian). Chou includes a variety of characters, from
emperors, generals, ministers to common people in various trades, from celestial beings
to ghosts and monsters, from the virtuous, who are honest and uptight, kind and
humorous to the wicked who are evil, mean and two-faced, and men, women, the
elderly and children are all included. Chou is subdivided into various classes: Pao Dai
Chou, Guan Yi Chou, Long Jian Chou, Zhe Zi Chou, Jin Chou, Yan Zi Chou, Wu Chou,
and Lao Chou and so on. The female roles of Chou are called Chou Dan or Chou Po Zi.</p>
<ul>具体分类：
<br>
<li>中文术语：袍带丑
<br>
英文术语：PAO DAI CHOU (Clown of Kings, Dukes and High Officials)
<br>
中文释义：扮演王侯将相、显要官员，穿蟒，挂玉带，也有插翎子、执朝笏的，
表演上重唱做及舞蹈身段。
<br>
英文释义：Pao Dai Chou is kings, dukes, generals, ministers and high officials. They
wear Mang (Court Robe) and Yu Dai (Stiffened Jade Belt). Some also have Ling Zi
(Feathers) on their hats and carry Chao Hu (a ritual tablet used at court for the taking
of notes). Singing, acting, and dancing are noted in their performance.</li>
<br>
<li>中文术语：官衣丑
<br>
英文术语：GUAN YI CHOU (Clown of High Officials)
<br>
中文释义：袍带丑的一种。多扮演公卿大夫、文职官吏。穿官衣，挂玉带，戴尖
纱帽或圆纱帽。
<br>
英文释义：Guan Yi Chou is a subtype of Pao Dai Chou. Most of them are senior
officials of civil service. They wear Guan Yi (Official Robe), Yu Dai (Stiffened Jade
Belt) and Jian Sha Mao (Pointed Gauze Hat) or Yuan Sha Mao (Rounded Gauze Hat).</li>
<br>
<li>中文术语：龙箭丑
<br>
英文术语：LONG JIAN CHOU (Clown of Fatuous Rulers)
<br>
中文释义：川剧独特的丑行类别。多扮演暴虐无道的昏君，着龙箭，戴“独独冠”，
插翎子。
<br>
英文释义：Long Jian Chou is a unique subtype of Chou in Sichuan Opera. Mostly they
are tyrannical and unscrupulous rulers who wear Long Jian (dragon robe with fitted
sleeves for shooting arrows) and Du Du Guan (a multifunctional helmet) with feathers
attached on it.</li>
<br>
<li>中文术语：褶子丑
<br>
英文术语：ZHE ZI CHOU
(Clown of Nasty Young Men)
<br>
中文释义：褶子丑是川丑中最为常见的一种角色类别，主要扮演青年男性中行为
不端的文人、商贾等，角色数量繁多，生动鲜活。有胸无点墨、不学无术的纨绔
子弟，有倚仗权势、横行霸道的衙内公子哥儿，有心狠手毒、阴险残忍的奸佞宵
小之徒，有市井无赖、无行文人，有为富不仁的富商巨贾。
<br>
英文释义：Zhe Zi Chou is the most common type of Chou in Sichuan Opera. With a
large number of roles, Zhe Zi Chou vividly reflects the true and everyday life. They
include rich boys who are lacking in learning and practical ability or bullies who are
sons of powerful officials, heartless and cruel rascals, literati of misconduct, unkind
rich merchants and so on.
</li>
<br>
<li>中文术语：方巾丑
<br>
英文术语：FANG JIN CHOU (Literary Clown)
<br>
中文释义：多扮演头戴方巾的谋士、书吏、刀笔、方士之流。
<br>
英文释义：Fang Jin Chou, are advisers, scribes, lawyers and warlocks.
</li>
<br>
<li>中文术语：襟襟丑
<br>
英文术语：JIN JIN CHOU (Clown with Rags)
<br>
中文释义：襟襟丑是以服装来分类的一种丑角类别。在四川方言中，常用“穿襟
襟、挂绺绺”来形容一个人的衣服破旧陋烂。所谓襟襟丑，就是丑行中穿“富贵
衣”的一种角色类型。他们多扮演生活在社会底层的小人物，如破落子弟、乞丐、
盗贼、贩夫走卒等。
<br>
英文释义：Jin Jin Chou is a kind of clowns who are dressed with rags. In the Sichuan
dialect, Jin Jin and Liu Liu mean rags. Jin Jin Chou is the role of Chou who wears a
beggar’s gown. They represent the underclasses such as beggars, thieves, peddlers，
menial servants and people who meet with difficulties.
</li>
<br>
<li>中文术语：烟子丑
<br>
英文术语：YAN ZI CHOU (Clown of Middle-aged Underclass)
<br>
中文释义：烟子丑是最具四川地方特色的行当类别，与襟襟丑颇有相似之处，二
者所扮演角色的身份地位、服饰装扮等多有相似，因此也有观点将烟子丑归为襟
襟丑一类。二者的主要区别在于，烟子丑扮演的角色涵盖面广，以中年人为主，
如差人、皂隶、店家、裁缝、屠户、木匠、长年、小生意人等，均以烟子丑应工。
<br>
英文释义：Yan Zi Chou is the most distinctive role of Sichuan Opera
. It shares some similarities with Jin Jin Chou. As their social statuses and costumes are
similar in many ways, some believe that Yan Zi Chou belongs to Jin Jin Chou. The main
difference is that Yan Zi Chou covers a wider range of people, primarily middle-aged
men, including officers in Yamen (administrative office in feudal China), shop owners,
tailors, butchers, carpenters, boatmen, small businessmen and so on.
</li>
<br>
<li>中文术语：武丑
<br>
英文术语：WU CHOU (Clown with Martial Arts)
<br>
中文释义：武丑是以功法程式和服装穿戴来划分的一个丑行类别，其特点是身着
打衣，脚穿打鞋，翻滚腾跃，身手灵活，敏捷机警，兼用武生和丑行功法，多扮
演身怀武功特别是轻功与绝技一类的江湖侠士、义盗等角色。
<br>
英文释义：Wu Chou, wearing Dayi (fighting clothes) and Daxie ((fighting shoes), are
physically dexterous and good at martial arts. Their acting is a combination of Wu
Sheng and Chou, and they are often swordsmen or righteous thieves, skilled at
acrobatics and moving very swiftly and lightly.
</li>
<br>
<li>中文术语：老丑
<br>
英文术语：LAO CHOU (Aged Clown)
<br>
中文释义：老丑是以角色年龄、性别为标准来划分的一个川丑类别，指剧中年老
体迈的男性角色。从扮相上看，老丑的脸谱与其他丑角不同，一般不画豆腐干，
而是画螃蟹脸，也可以是菊花形、核桃形或蝴蝶形，大同小异，表示老年人脸上
的皱纹。
<br>
英文释义：Lao Chou represents elderly male roles in Sichuan Opera. The makeup of
Lao Chou is different from that of other roles of Chou. Instead of having a Dou Fu Gan
(dried bean-curd) makeup, they are painted a crab face or chrysanthemum, walnut and
butterfly face to indicate the wrinkles.
</li>
<li>中文术语：娃娃丑
<br>
英文术语：WA WA CHOU (Clown of Teenage Boys)
<br>
中文释义：娃娃丑是川剧丑行中的一个独立类别，扮演剧中顽皮可爱、言行活泼
的少年男性，有专门的服装穿戴，化装戴孩儿发，有的头顶以红绳捆扎头发，画
白鼻梁。从穿戴上看，娃娃丑与川剧的帕帕生基本一致，但帕帕生主要是扮演小
男孩。从行当功法上看，娃娃丑由丑行扮演，以丑角功法表演，行动跳跃，言语
无忌，二者的区别比较明显。
<br>
英文释义：Wa Wa Chou refers to naughty teenage boys. It is an independent
subcategory of Chou roles in Sichuan Opera. The actor of Wa Wa Chou wears
specialized costumes and makeup, including wigs for children, white paint on nose, and
red hair strings that are tied up to their hair on the top of heads. The costume is basically
the same as that of Pa Pa Sheng, except that Pa Pa Sheng is the role of little boys.
Besides, Wa Wa Chou is vivacious, fearless, and capricious. It belongs to the role of
Chou and characterized by the features of Chou.
</li>
<br>
<li>中文术语：生丑
<br>
英文术语：SHENG CHOU (Clown with the Characteristics of Sheng)
<br>
中文释义：生丑，又称文生丑，是川剧中一个独特的行当类别。生丑是出现于20
世纪五六十年代的一个新概念，是介于文生与褶子丑之间的一类角色。其特点是：
由文生行扮演具有丑行角色某些性格和行为特征的文生角色，演员鼻梁上涂抹白
粉，具有丑行角色的面部标志。这些角色通常由文生行演员扮演，按文生行角色
穿戴装扮，采用文生功法身段表演，主要是以角色特立独行的性格特征区别于一
般文生，而与丑行角色有某些相似之处。其“怪”的个性明显多于“丑”的共性，
因为其“怪”而产生的幽默和滑稽，恰好通过丑角的白鼻梁得到彰显。
<br>
英文释义：Sheng Chou, also known as Wen Sheng Chou, is a unique type of role in
Sichuan Opera. Sheng Chou originated in the 1950s to 1960s with combined features
of Wen Sheng and Zhe Zi Chou. The features are as follows: The role of Sheng Chou,
with some characteristics and behaviors of Chou, is played by actors of Wen Sheng. His
nose is covered by white powder, which is a typical sign of Chou. The costumes and
acting routines are the same as Wen Sheng, but the characteristics and personalities are
similar to Chou roles. Instead of being ugly, they are more impressive because of their
weirdness and funniness, which are highlighted by the white paint on their noses.
</li>
</ul>
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<h2>变脸</h2>
<p>英文术语：face-changing
<br>
中文释义：川剧变脸是川剧表演的特技之一，用于揭示剧中人物的内心及思想感情的变化，即把不可见、不可感的抽象的情绪和心理状态变成可见、可感的具体形象——脸谱。川剧变脸是运用在川剧艺术中塑造人物的一种特技。是揭示剧中人物内心思想感情的一种浪漫主义手法。
<br>
英文释义：Sichuan dramatic face is one of the special effects performed in Sichuan opera, which is used to reveal the changes
in the hearts and thoughts of the characters in the drama, that is, to change the invisible and imperceptible abstract
emotions and mental states into visible and perceptible concrete images-facial makeup. Face changing in Sichuan Opera is
a special effect used to shape characters in Sichuan opera art. It is a romantic technique to reveal the inner thoughts
and feelings of the characters in the drama.</p>
<ul>具体：
<br>
<li>脸谱演变
<br>
最初的脸谱是纸壳面具，后经改良，发展为草纸绘制的脸谱，表演时以烟火或折扇掩护，层层揭去脸谱，新中国成立后，随着变脸绝技的飞速发展，制作脸谱的材料也发展成为如今使用的绸缎面料，极大的方便了演员的表演。
</li>
<br>
<li>
脸谱造型
变脸脸谱会选用一些不知名人士，包括侠士、鬼怪之类的造型，而人们所熟知的脸谱，如关公、曹操、包公等人物的脸谱一般不用于变脸。绘制变脸脸谱笔锋要锐利、粗犷，颜色对比要强烈，这样才能形成炫目的礼堂效果，在设色寓意的设计上，要以剧中人物的道德品质和角色种类为依据，或歌颂赞扬、或揭露讽刺、或鞭挞批判，或贬或褒，全都可以从脸谱色彩中反映出来。
</li>
<br>
<li>
手法
<br>
变脸的手法大体上分为三种：“抹脸”、“吹脸”、“扯脸”。
<br>
1.抹脸：将化妆油彩涂在脸的某一特定部位上，表演时用手往脸上一抹，即可变成另外一种脸色。如果需要变整张脸，就把油彩涂在额上或眉毛上，如果只变下半部脸，则将油彩涂在脸上或鼻子上。《白蛇传》中的许仙用的就是“抹脸”。
<br>
2.吹脸：用粉末状的化妆品，如金粉、银粉、墨粉等，装进特定的容器里，表演时，演员只需将脸贴近容器一吹，粉末就会扑在脸上，吹时必须闭眼、闭口、闭气。《活捉子都》中的吹脸，化妆粉末是放在酒杯内的，更多的时候是在舞台的地面上摆一个已经装好粉末的小盒子，演员只需做一个伏地的舞蹈动作，就可以趁机将脸贴近盒子。
<br>
3.扯脸：“扯脸”是比较复杂的一种变脸方法。它是事前将脸谱画在一张一张的绸子上，剪好，每张脸谱上都系一把丝线，再一张一张地贴在脸上。丝线则系在衣服的某一个顺手而又不引人注目的地方(如腰带上之类)。随着剧情的进展，在舞蹈动作的掩护下，一张一张地将它扯下来。如《白蛇传》中的钵童(紫金铙钵)，可以变绿、红、白、黑等七、八张不同的脸。再如《旧正楼》中的贼、《望娘滩》的聂龙等也使用扯脸。
“扯脸”有一定的难度。一是粘脸谱的粘合剂不宜太多，以免到时扯不下来，或者一次把所有的脸谱都扯下来。二是动作要干净利落，假动作要巧妙，能够掩观众眼目。
</li>
</ul>
<br>
<ul>Details:
<br>
<li>
Sichuan Opera Face-Changing
<br>
In Sichuan Opera, as the plot develops and the characters’ inner worlds shift, their facial makeup must change
accordingly. Performers use face-changing techniques to transform abstract emotions and psychological states into
visible, tangible expressions.
</li>
<br>
<li>
Evolution of Face Masks
<br>
Initially, the face masks used in Sichuan Opera were made from paperboard. Over time, these evolved into masks painted
on coarse paper. During performances, layers of masks were removed, often concealed by fireworks or a folding fan. After
the founding of the People's Republic of China, as the face-changing techniques rapidly advanced, the materials for
making face masks developed into the silk fabrics used today, greatly facilitating performers’ work.
</li>
<br>
<li>
Design of Face Masks
The face masks used in face-changing often depict unknown characters, including warriors and ghosts. However, well-known
masks, such as those of Guan Yu, Cao Cao, or Bao Zheng, are generally not used for face-changing. The brushwork for
these masks should be sharp and bold, with strong color contrasts to create a dazzling effect on stage. The color
schemes and design meanings are based on the character’s moral qualities and role type in the play, whether to praise,
satirize, criticize, or condemn. All of these can be reflected through the colors used in the face masks.
</li>
<br>
<li>
Techniques
<br>
There are three main techniques for face-changing: "Wiping," "Blowing," and "Pulling."
<br>
1.Wiping: This technique involves applying makeup paint to specific parts of the face. During the performance, the
performer wipes their face with their hand, changing the face color instantly. If the entire face needs to change, the
paint is applied to the forehead or eyebrows. If only the lower part of the face needs to change, the paint is applied
to the cheeks or nose. The character Xu Xian in The Legend of the White Snake uses the "Wiping" technique.
<br>
2.Blowing: In this technique, powdered makeup, such as gold, silver, or ink powder, is placed in a special container.
During the performance, the actor blows the powder onto their face by leaning close to the container, ensuring to close
their eyes, mouth, and hold their breath. In The Capture of Zidu Alive, the powder is placed in a wine cup, but often a
small box with powder is placed on the stage floor. The actor uses a dance move to lean close and blow the powder onto
their face.
<br>
3.Pulling: This is a more complex technique. The face masks are painted on silk sheets in advance, cut to size, with a
string attached to each mask. The masks are then layered on the actor’s face, with the strings hidden inconspicuously on
their costume (such as on a belt). As the plot progresses, the actor pulls the masks off one by one, concealed by their
dance moves. For example, the bowl bearer in The Legend of the White Snake can change to seven or eight different faces
in colors like green, red, white, and black. Characters like the thief in Old Zhenglou and Nie Long in Wangniangtan also
use the "Pulling" technique. This method requires skill. First, the adhesive for sticking the masks should not be too
strong, to ensure the masks can be pulled off easily without accidentally removing all of them at once. Second, the
movements must be clean and quick, with skillful misdirection to distract the audience’s attention.
</li>
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<h2>藏刀</h2>
<p>
中文释义：藏刀是川剧表演中的一种特技
<br>
英文术语：Broadsword-hiding
<br>
中文释义：藏刀是川剧著名绝技之一，运用耍刀技巧揭示人物心理、性格特征的表演特技。
<br>
英文释义：Broadsword-hiding is one of the famous stunts in Sichuan Opera. It is a stunt to reveal the psychological and
personality characteristics of characters by using the skill of playing knives.
</p>
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