Extend tuple type and MP-SPDZ protocol support

[adrian-vaca-humanes-wt]

Hello! Adrián from Resolve.

As agreed during the workshops in CarbyneStack Con '24, we are starting the discussion on the extension of support for additional MP-SPDZ protocols as well as tuple types supporting binary operations. As a starting point, we have forked the relevant CarbyneStack repos and cherry-picked the relevant changes from our private copies, where we added support for Hemi and daBits (broken for CowGear) and some edaBits.

For now we will not be submitting PRs to upstream, because we would like to hear feedback about the overall approach and possible generalization, but also because we cannot commit the time in the short term to submit and address comments to PRs in upstream. So we have done the next best thing which is submit PRs against our forks for everyone to have a peek.

Klyshko (note a small patch to MP-SPDZ is needed that sits in the generators/ directory, and is not applied automatically with these changes):

unum-io/klyshko-resolve#1

Castor:

unum-io/castor-resolve#1

Ephemeral:

unum-io/ephemeral-resolve#1

cli:

unum-io/cli-resolve#1

Amphora (note the shareFamily vs tupleFamily concepts that might be redundant overall):

unum-io/amphora-resolve#1

cc @gegose

[adrian-vaca-humanes-wt]

Just so you get an idea of what this looks like for now

TupleGenerationScheduler

Castor telemetry

Castor tuple_chunk_fragment table

Creation of an "Hemi" secret

Retrieval of secrets