How to set buildArgs from the task

[jdomag]

Use case:
I'm building a docker image where I install packages from AWS CodeArtifact repository. Authentication to CodeArtifact is based on the token that expires every X minutes.

Dockerfile:

FROM python:3.9.10-slim

ARG CODEARTIFACT_PIP_URL

COPY python/ ./

RUN apt-get update \
    && apt-get install -y gcc python3-dev libev-dev

RUN python -m pip install --upgrade pip
RUN pip install -r requirements.txt --extra-index-url=${CODEARTIFACT_PIP_URL}

EXPOSE 8080

CMD [ "python", "./run.py" ]

So I must pass codeArtifact url (that contains token) as a buildArg to Dockerfile.
I have a task that generates a url as below:

task buildArgsOverride {
    group docker
    description "Set buildArgs of docker from task instead of project configuration phase"
    doLast {
            println("${docker.buildArgs}")
            String token = "aws codeartifact get-authorization-token --domain ${image.codeArtifactDomain} --domain-owner 123456 --query authorizationToken --output text".execute().text
            String url = "https://aws:${token}@domain-123456.d.codeartifact.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/pypi/store/simple"
            def newBuildArgs = [:] 
            docker.getBuildArgs().each { newBuildArgs.put("$it.key","$it.value")}
            newBuildArgs.put("CODEARTIFACT_PIP_URL",url)
            docker.buildArgs(newBuildArgs)
            println("${docker.buildArgs}")
    
    }
}

tasks.getByName("docker").dependsOn("buildArgsOverride")

Running a task returns correct result however issuing 'gradle docker' doesn't pass buildArgs to docker build command. Any idea how to solve this?
I don't want to set it up in configuration block
docker {
}
because it will run on every gradle run.