diff --git a/.github/workflows/main.yml b/.github/workflows/main.yml
index ef5488e8..c2d64a51 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/main.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/main.yml
@@ -23,37 +23,13 @@ jobs:
     - uses: actions/setup-python@v2
       with:
         python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
-    - if: matrix.os != 'macos-latest'
-      uses: actions/cache@v1
-      with:
-        path: ~/.cache/pip
-        key: pip-${{ matrix.os }}-py${{ matrix.python-version }}-${{ hashFiles('Pipfile.lock') }}
-        restore-keys: |
-          pip-${{ matrix.os }}-py${{ matrix.python-version }}-${{ hashFiles('Pipfile.lock') }}
-          pip-${{ matrix.os }}-py${{ matrix.python-version }}-
-    - if: matrix.os == 'macos-latest'
-      uses: actions/cache@v1
-      with:
-        path: ~/Library/Caches/pip
-        key: pip-${{ matrix.os }}-py${{ matrix.python-version }}-${{ hashFiles('Pipfile.lock') }}
-        restore-keys: |
-          pip-${{ matrix.os }}-py${{ matrix.python-version }}-${{ hashFiles('Pipfile.lock') }}
-          pip-${{ matrix.os }}-py${{ matrix.python-version }}-
-    - uses: actions/cache@v1
-      with:
-        path: ~/.local/share/virtualenvs
-        key: virtualenvs-${{ matrix.os }}-py${{ matrix.python-version }}-${{ hashFiles('Pipfile.lock') }}
-        restore-keys: |
-          virtualenvs-${{ matrix.os }}-py${{ matrix.python-version }}-${{ hashFiles('Pipfile.lock') }}
-          virtualenvs-${{ matrix.os }}-py${{ matrix.python-version }}-
-    - run: pip install -U pipenv pip
-    - run: make deps
-    - run: pipenv run pip freeze
+    - run: pip install -r requirements.txt
+    - run: pip freeze
     - if: matrix.python-version != '2.7' && matrix.python-version != '3.5'
       run: make fmt
     - if: matrix.python-version != '2.7' && matrix.python-version != '3.5'
       run: make lint
-    - run: pipenv run python setup.py --version
+    - run: run python setup.py --version
     - run: make test
   prerelease-test:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
@@ -64,25 +40,11 @@ jobs:
     - uses: actions/setup-python@v2
       with:
         python-version: 3.8.x
-    - uses: actions/cache@v1
-      with:
-        path: ~/.cache/pip
-        key: pip-ubuntu-latest-py3.8-${{ hashFiles('Pipfile.lock') }}
-        restore-keys: |
-          pip-ubuntu-latest-py3.8-${{ hashFiles('Pipfile.lock') }}
-          pip-ubuntu-latest-py3.8-
-    - uses: actions/cache@v1
-      with:
-        path: ~/.local/share/virtualenvs
-        key: virtualenvs-ubuntu-latest-py3.8-${{ hashFiles('Pipfile.lock') }}
-        restore-keys: |
-          virtualenvs-ubuntu-latest-py3.8-${{ hashFiles('Pipfile.lock') }}
-          virtualenvs-ubuntu-latest-py3.8-
-    - run: pip install -U -I --pre pipenv pip
-    - run: make deps-prerelease
+    - run: pip install --pre -r requirements.txt
+    - run: pip freeze
     - run: make fmt
     - run: make lint
-    - run: pipenv run python setup.py --version
+    - run: python setup.py --version
     - run: make test
   distributions:
     needs: test
@@ -93,31 +55,17 @@ jobs:
     - uses: actions/setup-python@v2
       with:
         python-version: 3.8.x
-    - uses: actions/cache@v1
-      with:
-        path: ~/.cache/pip
-        key: pip-ubuntu-latest-py3.8-${{ hashFiles('Pipfile.lock') }}
-        restore-keys: |
-          pip-ubuntu-latest-py3.8-${{ hashFiles('Pipfile.lock') }}
-          pip-ubuntu-latest-py3.8-
-    - uses: actions/cache@v1
-      with:
-        path: ~/.local/share/virtualenvs
-        key: virtualenvs-ubuntu-latest-py3.8-${{ hashFiles('Pipfile.lock') }}
-        restore-keys: |
-          virtualenvs-ubuntu-latest-py3.8-${{ hashFiles('Pipfile.lock') }}
-          virtualenvs-ubuntu-latest-py3.8-
-    - run: pip install -U pipenv pip
-    - run: make deps
+    - run: pip install -r requirements.txt
+    - run: pip freeze
     - run: make dist
       id: create_dist
     - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
       with:
         name: distributions
         path: dist/
-    - run: pipenv run pip install -vvv ${{ steps.create_dist.outputs.whl }}
-    - run: pipenv run rsconnect version
-    - run: pipenv run rsconnect --help
+    - run: pip install -vvv ${{ steps.create_dist.outputs.whl }}
+    - run: rsconnect version
+    - run: rsconnect --help
     - if: github.event_name == 'push' && startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags')
       id: create_release
       uses: actions/create-release@v1
@@ -160,22 +108,8 @@ jobs:
     - uses: actions/setup-python@v2
       with:
         python-version: 3.8.x
-    - uses: actions/cache@v1
-      with:
-        path: ~/.cache/pip
-        key: pip-ubuntu-latest-py3.8-${{ hashFiles('Pipfile.lock') }}
-        restore-keys: |
-          pip-ubuntu-latest-py3.8-${{ hashFiles('Pipfile.lock') }}
-          pip-ubuntu-latest-py3.8-
-    - uses: actions/cache@v1
-      with:
-        path: ~/.local/share/virtualenvs
-        key: virtualenvs-ubuntu-latest-py3.8-${{ hashFiles('Pipfile.lock') }}
-        restore-keys: |
-          virtualenvs-ubuntu-latest-py3.8-${{ hashFiles('Pipfile.lock') }}
-          virtualenvs-ubuntu-latest-py3.8-
-    - run: pip install -U pipenv pip
-    - run: make deps
+    - run: pip install -r requirements.txt
+    - run: pip freeze
     - run: make docs
     - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
       with:
diff --git a/Dockerfile b/Dockerfile
index 8d10d262..aa14306d 100644
--- a/Dockerfile
+++ b/Dockerfile
@@ -2,11 +2,6 @@ ARG BASE_IMAGE
 FROM ${BASE_IMAGE}
 
 WORKDIR /rsconnect
-ENV WORKON_HOME=/.cache \
-    PIPENV_CACHE_DIR=/.cache \
-    PIPENV_DONT_LOAD_ENV=1 \
-    PIPENV_SHELL=/bin/bash
-COPY Pipfile Pipfile
-COPY Pipfile.lock Pipfile.lock
 COPY scripts/build-image build-image
-RUN bash build-image && rm -vf build-image Pipfile*
+COPY requirements.txt requirements.txt
+RUN bash build-image && rm -vf build-image
diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index e5cab31d..b3becf0a 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-VERSION := $(shell pipenv run python setup.py --version)
+VERSION := $(shell python setup.py --version)
 HOSTNAME := $(shell hostname)
 S3_PREFIX := s3://rstudio-connect-downloads/connect/rsconnect-python
 
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ RUNNER = docker run \
   bash -c
 
 TEST_COMMAND ?= ./scripts/runtests
-SHELL_COMMAND ?= pipenv shell
+SHELL_COMMAND ?= bash
 
 ifneq ($(GITHUB_RUN_ID),)
 	RUNNER = bash -c
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ mock-test-%: clean-stores
 	@$(MAKE) -C mock_connect down
 
 fmt-%:
-	$(RUNNER) 'pipenv run black .'
+	$(RUNNER) 'black .'
 
 .PHONY: fmt-2.7
 fmt-2.7: .fmt-unsupported
@@ -68,15 +68,15 @@ fmt-3.5: .fmt-unsupported
 
 .PHONY: deps-prerelease
 deps-prerelease:
-	pipenv run ./scripts/install-deps-prerelease
+	pip install --pre -r requirements.txt
 
 deps-%:
-	$(RUNNER) 'pipenv run ./scripts/install-deps'
+	$(RUNNER) 'pip install --pre -r requirements.txt'
 
 lint-%:
-	$(RUNNER) 'pipenv run black --check --diff .'
-	$(RUNNER) 'pipenv run flake8 rsconnect/'
-	$(RUNNER) 'pipenv run mypy -p rsconnect'
+	$(RUNNER) 'black --check --diff rsconnect/'
+	$(RUNNER) 'flake8 rsconnect/'
+	$(RUNNER) 'mypy -p rsconnect'
 
 .PHONY: lint-2.7
 lint-2.7: .lint-unsupported
@@ -137,8 +137,8 @@ version:
 # exported as a point of reference instead.
 .PHONY: dist
 dist:
-	pipenv run python setup.py bdist_wheel
-	pipenv run twine check $(BDIST_WHEEL)
+	python setup.py bdist_wheel
+	twine check $(BDIST_WHEEL)
 	rm -vf dist/*.egg
 	@echo "::set-output name=whl::$(BDIST_WHEEL)"
 	@echo "::set-output name=whl_basename::$(notdir $(BDIST_WHEEL))"
diff --git a/Pipfile b/Pipfile
deleted file mode 100644
index 2e800733..00000000
--- a/Pipfile
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-[[source]]
-name = "pypi"
-url = "https://pypi.org/simple"
-verify_ssl = true
-
-[dev-packages]
-black = "*"
-coverage = "*"
-flake8 = "*"
-funcsigs = "*"
-importlib-metadata = "*"
-ipython = "*"
-mypy = "*"
-pytest = "*"
-pytest-cov = "*"
-pytest-mypy = "*"
-setuptools_scm = "*"
-toml = "*"
-twine = "*"
-wheel = "*"
-
-[packages]
-click = ">=7.0.0"
-ipykernel = "*"
-jupyter_client = "*"
-nbconvert = "*"
-six = ">=1.14.0"
-
-[pipenv]
-allow_prereleases = true
diff --git a/Pipfile.lock b/Pipfile.lock
deleted file mode 100644
index 70a9a1e8..00000000
--- a/Pipfile.lock
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,910 +0,0 @@
-{
-    "_meta": {
-        "hash": {
-            "sha256": "91717691523a999be20ebd2c109e4051e3b6048c094bbe7d1c814afd634f9ab1"
-        },
-        "pipfile-spec": 6,
-        "requires": {},
-        "sources": [
-            {
-                "name": "pypi",
-                "url": "https://pypi.org/simple",
-                "verify_ssl": true
-            }
-        ]
-    },
-    "default": {
-        "appnope": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:5b26757dc6f79a3b7dc9fab95359328d5747fcb2409d331ea66d0272b90ab2a0",
-                "sha256:8b995ffe925347a2138d7ac0fe77155e4311a0ea6d6da4f5128fe4b3cbe5ed71"
-            ],
-            "markers": "sys_platform == 'darwin' and platform_system == 'Darwin'",
-            "version": "==0.1.0"
-        },
-        "attrs": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:08a96c641c3a74e44eb59afb61a24f2cb9f4d7188748e76ba4bb5edfa3cb7d1c",
-                "sha256:f7b7ce16570fe9965acd6d30101a28f62fb4a7f9e926b3bbc9b61f8b04247e72"
-            ],
-            "markers": "python_version >= '2.7' and python_version not in '3.0, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3'",
-            "version": "==19.3.0"
-        },
-        "backcall": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:5cbdbf27be5e7cfadb448baf0aa95508f91f2bbc6c6437cd9cd06e2a4c215e1e",
-                "sha256:fbbce6a29f263178a1f7915c1940bde0ec2b2a967566fe1c65c1dfb7422bd255"
-            ],
-            "version": "==0.2.0"
-        },
-        "bleach": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:2bce3d8fab545a6528c8fa5d9f9ae8ebc85a56da365c7f85180bfe96a35ef22f",
-                "sha256:3c4c520fdb9db59ef139915a5db79f8b51bc2a7257ea0389f30c846883430a4b"
-            ],
-            "markers": "python_version >= '2.7' and python_version not in '3.0, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4'",
-            "version": "==3.1.5"
-        },
-        "click": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:d2b5255c7c6349bc1bd1e59e08cd12acbbd63ce649f2588755783aa94dfb6b1a",
-                "sha256:dacca89f4bfadd5de3d7489b7c8a566eee0d3676333fbb50030263894c38c0dc"
-            ],
-            "index": "pypi",
-            "version": "==7.1.2"
-        },
-        "decorator": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:41fa54c2a0cc4ba648be4fd43cff00aedf5b9465c9bf18d64325bc225f08f760",
-                "sha256:e3a62f0520172440ca0dcc823749319382e377f37f140a0b99ef45fecb84bfe7"
-            ],
-            "version": "==4.4.2"
-        },
-        "defusedxml": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:6687150770438374ab581bb7a1b327a847dd9c5749e396102de3fad4e8a3ef93",
-                "sha256:f684034d135af4c6cbb949b8a4d2ed61634515257a67299e5f940fbaa34377f5"
-            ],
-            "markers": "python_version >= '2.7' and python_version not in '3.0, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4'",
-            "version": "==0.6.0"
-        },
-        "entrypoints": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:589f874b313739ad35be6e0cd7efde2a4e9b6fea91edcc34e58ecbb8dbe56d19",
-                "sha256:c70dd71abe5a8c85e55e12c19bd91ccfeec11a6e99044204511f9ed547d48451"
-            ],
-            "markers": "python_version >= '2.7'",
-            "version": "==0.3"
-        },
-        "ipykernel": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:731adb3f2c4ebcaff52e10a855ddc87670359a89c9c784d711e62d66fccdafae",
-                "sha256:a8362e3ae365023ca458effe93b026b8cdadc0b73ff3031472128dd8a2cf0289"
-            ],
-            "index": "pypi",
-            "version": "==5.3.0"
-        },
-        "ipython": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:0ef1433879816a960cd3ae1ae1dc82c64732ca75cec8dab5a4e29783fb571d0e",
-                "sha256:1b85d65632211bf5d3e6f1406f3393c8c429a47d7b947b9a87812aa5bce6595c"
-            ],
-            "markers": "python_version >= '3.6'",
-            "version": "==7.15.0"
-        },
-        "ipython-genutils": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:72dd37233799e619666c9f639a9da83c34013a73e8bbc79a7a6348d93c61fab8",
-                "sha256:eb2e116e75ecef9d4d228fdc66af54269afa26ab4463042e33785b887c628ba8"
-            ],
-            "version": "==0.2.0"
-        },
-        "jedi": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:1ddb0ec78059e8e27ec9eb5098360b4ea0a3dd840bedf21415ea820c21b40a22",
-                "sha256:807d5d4f96711a2bcfdd5dfa3b1ae6d09aa53832b182090b222b5efb81f52f63"
-            ],
-            "markers": "python_version >= '2.7' and python_version not in '3.0, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4'",
-            "version": "==0.17.1"
-        },
-        "jinja2": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:89aab215427ef59c34ad58735269eb58b1a5808103067f7bb9d5836c651b3bb0",
-                "sha256:f0a4641d3cf955324a89c04f3d94663aa4d638abe8f733ecd3582848e1c37035"
-            ],
-            "markers": "python_version >= '2.7' and python_version not in '3.0, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4'",
-            "version": "==2.11.2"
-        },
-        "jsonschema": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:4e5b3cf8216f577bee9ce139cbe72eca3ea4f292ec60928ff24758ce626cd163",
-                "sha256:c8a85b28d377cc7737e46e2d9f2b4f44ee3c0e1deac6bf46ddefc7187d30797a"
-            ],
-            "version": "==3.2.0"
-        },
-        "jupyter-client": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:3a32fa4d0b16d1c626b30c3002a62dfd86d6863ed39eaba3f537fade197bb756",
-                "sha256:cde8e83aab3ec1c614f221ae54713a9a46d3bf28292609d2db1b439bef5a8c8e"
-            ],
-            "index": "pypi",
-            "version": "==6.1.3"
-        },
-        "jupyter-core": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:394fd5dd787e7c8861741880bdf8a00ce39f95de5d18e579c74b882522219e7e",
-                "sha256:a4ee613c060fe5697d913416fc9d553599c05e4492d58fac1192c9a6844abb21"
-            ],
-            "markers": "python_version >= '2.7' and python_version not in '3.0, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4'",
-            "version": "==4.6.3"
-        },
-        "markupsafe": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:00bc623926325b26bb9605ae9eae8a215691f33cae5df11ca5424f06f2d1f473",
-                "sha256:09027a7803a62ca78792ad89403b1b7a73a01c8cb65909cd876f7fcebd79b161",
-                "sha256:09c4b7f37d6c648cb13f9230d847adf22f8171b1ccc4d5682398e77f40309235",
-                "sha256:1027c282dad077d0bae18be6794e6b6b8c91d58ed8a8d89a89d59693b9131db5",
-                "sha256:13d3144e1e340870b25e7b10b98d779608c02016d5184cfb9927a9f10c689f42",
-                "sha256:24982cc2533820871eba85ba648cd53d8623687ff11cbb805be4ff7b4c971aff",
-                "sha256:29872e92839765e546828bb7754a68c418d927cd064fd4708fab9fe9c8bb116b",
-                "sha256:43a55c2930bbc139570ac2452adf3d70cdbb3cfe5912c71cdce1c2c6bbd9c5d1",
-                "sha256:46c99d2de99945ec5cb54f23c8cd5689f6d7177305ebff350a58ce5f8de1669e",
-                "sha256:500d4957e52ddc3351cabf489e79c91c17f6e0899158447047588650b5e69183",
-                "sha256:535f6fc4d397c1563d08b88e485c3496cf5784e927af890fb3c3aac7f933ec66",
-                "sha256:596510de112c685489095da617b5bcbbac7dd6384aeebeda4df6025d0256a81b",
-                "sha256:62fe6c95e3ec8a7fad637b7f3d372c15ec1caa01ab47926cfdf7a75b40e0eac1",
-                "sha256:6788b695d50a51edb699cb55e35487e430fa21f1ed838122d722e0ff0ac5ba15",
-                "sha256:6dd73240d2af64df90aa7c4e7481e23825ea70af4b4922f8ede5b9e35f78a3b1",
-                "sha256:717ba8fe3ae9cc0006d7c451f0bb265ee07739daf76355d06366154ee68d221e",
-                "sha256:79855e1c5b8da654cf486b830bd42c06e8780cea587384cf6545b7d9ac013a0b",
-                "sha256:7c1699dfe0cf8ff607dbdcc1e9b9af1755371f92a68f706051cc8c37d447c905",
-                "sha256:88e5fcfb52ee7b911e8bb6d6aa2fd21fbecc674eadd44118a9cc3863f938e735",
-                "sha256:8defac2f2ccd6805ebf65f5eeb132adcf2ab57aa11fdf4c0dd5169a004710e7d",
-                "sha256:98c7086708b163d425c67c7a91bad6e466bb99d797aa64f965e9d25c12111a5e",
-                "sha256:9add70b36c5666a2ed02b43b335fe19002ee5235efd4b8a89bfcf9005bebac0d",
-                "sha256:9bf40443012702a1d2070043cb6291650a0841ece432556f784f004937f0f32c",
-                "sha256:ade5e387d2ad0d7ebf59146cc00c8044acbd863725f887353a10df825fc8ae21",
-                "sha256:b00c1de48212e4cc9603895652c5c410df699856a2853135b3967591e4beebc2",
-                "sha256:b1282f8c00509d99fef04d8ba936b156d419be841854fe901d8ae224c59f0be5",
-                "sha256:b2051432115498d3562c084a49bba65d97cf251f5a331c64a12ee7e04dacc51b",
-                "sha256:ba59edeaa2fc6114428f1637ffff42da1e311e29382d81b339c1817d37ec93c6",
-                "sha256:c8716a48d94b06bb3b2524c2b77e055fb313aeb4ea620c8dd03a105574ba704f",
-                "sha256:cd5df75523866410809ca100dc9681e301e3c27567cf498077e8551b6d20e42f",
-                "sha256:cdb132fc825c38e1aeec2c8aa9338310d29d337bebbd7baa06889d09a60a1fa2",
-                "sha256:e249096428b3ae81b08327a63a485ad0878de3fb939049038579ac0ef61e17e7",
-                "sha256:e8313f01ba26fbbe36c7be1966a7b7424942f670f38e666995b88d012765b9be"
-            ],
-            "markers": "python_version >= '2.7' and python_version not in '3.0, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3'",
-            "version": "==1.1.1"
-        },
-        "mistune": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:59a3429db53c50b5c6bcc8a07f8848cb00d7dc8bdb431a4ab41920d201d4756e",
-                "sha256:88a1051873018da288eee8538d476dffe1262495144b33ecb586c4ab266bb8d4"
-            ],
-            "version": "==0.8.4"
-        },
-        "nbconvert": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:21fb48e700b43e82ba0e3142421a659d7739b65568cc832a13976a77be16b523",
-                "sha256:f0d6ec03875f96df45aa13e21fd9b8450c42d7e1830418cccc008c0df725fcee"
-            ],
-            "index": "pypi",
-            "version": "==5.6.1"
-        },
-        "nbformat": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:54d4d6354835a936bad7e8182dcd003ca3dc0cedfee5a306090e04854343b340",
-                "sha256:ea55c9b817855e2dfcd3f66d74857342612a60b1f09653440f4a5845e6e3523f"
-            ],
-            "markers": "python_version >= '3.5'",
-            "version": "==5.0.7"
-        },
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-                "sha256:d43943ef777f9a1c42bf4e552ba23ac77a6351de620aa9acf64ad54933ad4d34",
-                "sha256:d5d33e9e7af3b34a40dc05f498939f0ebf187f07c385fd58d591c533ad8562fe",
-                "sha256:fc0fea399acb12edbf8a628ba8d2312f583bdbdb3335635db062fa98cf71fca4",
-                "sha256:fe460b922ec15dd205595c9b5b99e2f056fd98ae8f9f56b888e7a17dc2b757e7"
-            ],
-            "version": "==1.4.1"
-        },
-        "typing-extensions": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:6e95524d8a547a91e08f404ae485bbb71962de46967e1b71a0cb89af24e761c5",
-                "sha256:79ee589a3caca649a9bfd2a8de4709837400dfa00b6cc81962a1e6a1815969ae",
-                "sha256:f8d2bd89d25bc39dabe7d23df520442fa1d8969b82544370e03d88b5a591c392"
-            ],
-            "version": "==3.7.4.2"
-        },
-        "urllib3": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:3018294ebefce6572a474f0604c2021e33b3fd8006ecd11d62107a5d2a963527",
-                "sha256:88206b0eb87e6d677d424843ac5209e3fb9d0190d0ee169599165ec25e9d9115"
-            ],
-            "markers": "python_version >= '2.7' and python_version not in '3.0, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4' and python_version < '4'",
-            "version": "==1.25.9"
-        },
-        "wcwidth": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:79375666b9954d4a1a10739315816324c3e73110af9d0e102d906fdb0aec009f",
-                "sha256:8c6b5b6ee1360b842645f336d9e5d68c55817c26d3050f46b235ef2bc650e48f"
-            ],
-            "version": "==0.2.4"
-        },
-        "webencodings": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:a0af1213f3c2226497a97e2b3aa01a7e4bee4f403f95be16fc9acd2947514a78",
-                "sha256:b36a1c245f2d304965eb4e0a82848379241dc04b865afcc4aab16748587e1923"
-            ],
-            "version": "==0.5.1"
-        },
-        "wheel": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:8788e9155fe14f54164c1b9eb0a319d98ef02c160725587ad60f14ddc57b6f96",
-                "sha256:df277cb51e61359aba502208d680f90c0493adec6f0e848af94948778aed386e"
-            ],
-            "index": "pypi",
-            "version": "==0.34.2"
-        },
-        "zipp": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:aa36550ff0c0b7ef7fa639055d797116ee891440eac1a56f378e2d3179e0320b",
-                "sha256:c599e4d75c98f6798c509911d08a22e6c021d074469042177c8c86fb92eefd96"
-            ],
-            "markers": "python_version >= '3.6'",
-            "version": "==3.1.0"
-        }
-    }
-}
diff --git a/requirements.txt b/requirements.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..32826313
--- /dev/null
+++ b/requirements.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+black; python_version >= '3.6'
+click>=7.0.0
+coverage
+flake8
+funcsigs; python_version < '3.3'
+importlib-metadata
+ipykernel
+ipython
+jupyter_client
+mypy; python_version >= '3.6'
+nbconvert
+pytest
+pytest-cov
+pytest-mypy; python_version >= '3.6'
+setuptools_scm
+six>=1.14.0
+toml
+twine
+wheel
diff --git a/scripts/build-image b/scripts/build-image
index 1e87df05..a905dfca 100755
--- a/scripts/build-image
+++ b/scripts/build-image
@@ -7,18 +7,5 @@ set -o xtrace
   : WARNING: this script is intended to be run inside a docker python container
   exit 1
 }
-python -m pip install --upgrade pipenv pip
-
-case "${PYTHON_VERSION}" in
-2*|3.5*)
-  pipenv install --skip-lock --python=/usr/local/bin/python
-  pipenv run pip install \
-    'coverage[toml]' \
-    funcsigs \
-    pytest \
-    pytest-cov
-  ;;
-*)
-  pipenv install --dev --python=/usr/local/bin/python
-  ;;
-esac
+python -m pip install --upgrade pip
+pip install -r requirements.txt
diff --git a/scripts/install-deps b/scripts/install-deps
deleted file mode 100755
index a023ba2e..00000000
--- a/scripts/install-deps
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env bash
-set -o errexit
-set -o pipefail
-
-main() {
-  set -o xtrace
-
-  case "${PYTHON_VERSION}" in
-  2* | 3.5*)
-    pipenv install --skip-lock
-    pipenv run pip install \
-      pytest \
-      pytest-cov \
-      'coverage[toml]' \
-      setuptools_scm
-    ;;
-  *)
-    pipenv install --dev
-    if [[ "$(uname)" == Linux ]]; then
-      pipenv run pip install -U 'SecretStorage>=3'
-    fi
-    ;;
-  esac
-}
-
-main "${@}"
diff --git a/scripts/install-deps-prerelease b/scripts/install-deps-prerelease
deleted file mode 100755
index b33f5041..00000000
--- a/scripts/install-deps-prerelease
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env bash
-set -o errexit
-set -o pipefail
-
-main() {
-  set -o xtrace
-
-  local top
-  top="$(git rev-parse --show-toplevel)"
-
-  local pipenv_requires="${top}/.pipenv-requires"
-
-  pipenv install --dev
-  _print_pipfile_packages >"${pipenv_requires}"
-  pipenv run pip install -U --pre -r "${pipenv_requires}"
-  rm -f "${pipenv_requires}"
-}
-
-_print_pipfile_packages() {
-  pipenv run python <<PYTHON
-import toml
-
-for package in toml.load(open("${top}/Pipfile")).get("packages").keys():
-    print(package)
-PYTHON
-}
-
-main "${@}"
diff --git a/scripts/runtests b/scripts/runtests
index 01adc4a9..a4803ecf 100755
--- a/scripts/runtests
+++ b/scripts/runtests
@@ -7,12 +7,9 @@ set -o xtrace
 
 case "${PYTHON_VERSION}" in
 2*)
-  set +o xtrace
-  source "$(pipenv --venv)/bin/activate"
-  set -o xtrace
   pytest ${PYTEST_ARGS} ./tests/
   ;;
 *)
-  pipenv run pytest ${PYTEST_ARGS} --mypy ./tests/
+  pytest ${PYTEST_ARGS} --mypy ./tests/
   ;;
 esac