AutoWorld.py

from __future__ import annotations

import hashlib
import logging
import pathlib
import sys
import time
from random import Random
from dataclasses import make_dataclass
from typing import (Any, Callable, ClassVar, Dict, FrozenSet, Iterable, List, Mapping, Optional, Set, TextIO, Tuple,
                    TYPE_CHECKING, Type, Union)

from Options import item_and_loc_options, ItemsAccessibility, OptionGroup, PerGameCommonOptions
from BaseClasses import CollectionState

if TYPE_CHECKING:
    from BaseClasses import MultiWorld, Item, Location, Tutorial, Region, Entrance
    from . import GamesPackage
    from settings import Group

perf_logger = logging.getLogger("performance")


class AutoWorldRegister(type):
    world_types: Dict[str, Type[World]] = {}
    __file__: str
    zip_path: Optional[str]
    settings_key: str
    __settings: Any

    @property
    def settings(cls) -> Any:  # actual type is defined in World
        # lazy loading + caching to minimize runtime cost
        if cls.__settings is None:
            from settings import get_settings
            try:
                cls.__settings = get_settings()[cls.settings_key]
            except AttributeError:
                return None
        return cls.__settings

    def __new__(mcs, name: str, bases: Tuple[type, ...], dct: Dict[str, Any]) -> AutoWorldRegister:
        if "web" in dct:
            assert isinstance(dct["web"], WebWorld), "WebWorld has to be instantiated."
        # filter out any events
        dct["item_name_to_id"] = {name: id for name, id in dct["item_name_to_id"].items() if id}
        dct["location_name_to_id"] = {name: id for name, id in dct["location_name_to_id"].items() if id}
        # build reverse lookups
        dct["item_id_to_name"] = {code: name for name, code in dct["item_name_to_id"].items()}
        dct["location_id_to_name"] = {code: name for name, code in dct["location_name_to_id"].items()}

        # build rest
        dct["item_names"] = frozenset(dct["item_name_to_id"])
        dct["item_name_groups"] = {group_name: frozenset(group_set) for group_name, group_set
                                   in dct.get("item_name_groups", {}).items()}
        dct["item_name_groups"]["Everything"] = dct["item_names"]

        dct["location_names"] = frozenset(dct["location_name_to_id"])
        dct["location_name_groups"] = {group_name: frozenset(group_set) for group_name, group_set
                                       in dct.get("location_name_groups", {}).items()}
        dct["location_name_groups"]["Everywhere"] = dct["location_names"]
        dct["all_item_and_group_names"] = frozenset(dct["item_names"] | set(dct.get("item_name_groups", {})))

        # move away from get_required_client_version function
        if "game" in dct:
            assert "get_required_client_version" not in dct, f"{name}: required_client_version is an attribute now"
        # set minimum required_client_version from bases
        if "required_client_version" in dct and bases:
            for base in bases:
                if "required_client_version" in base.__dict__:
                    dct["required_client_version"] = max(dct["required_client_version"],
                                                         base.__dict__["required_client_version"])

        # create missing options_dataclass from legacy option_definitions
        # TODO - remove this once all worlds use options dataclasses
        if "options_dataclass" not in dct and "option_definitions" in dct:
            # TODO - switch to deprecate after a version
            if __debug__:
                logging.warning(f"{name} Assigned options through option_definitions which is now deprecated. "
                                "Please use options_dataclass instead.")
            dct["options_dataclass"] = make_dataclass(f"{name}Options", dct["option_definitions"].items(),
                                                      bases=(PerGameCommonOptions,))

        # construct class
        new_class = super().__new__(mcs, name, bases, dct)
        if "game" in dct:
            if dct["game"] in AutoWorldRegister.world_types:
                raise RuntimeError(f"""Game {dct["game"]} already registered.""")
            AutoWorldRegister.world_types[dct["game"]] = new_class
        new_class.__file__ = sys.modules[new_class.__module__].__file__
        if ".apworld" in new_class.__file__:
            new_class.zip_path = pathlib.Path(new_class.__file__).parents[1]
        if "settings_key" not in dct:
            mod_name = new_class.__module__
            world_folder_name = mod_name[7:].lower() if mod_name.startswith("worlds.") else mod_name.lower()
            new_class.settings_key = world_folder_name + "_options"
        new_class.__settings = None
        return new_class


class AutoLogicRegister(type):
    def __new__(mcs, name: str, bases: Tuple[type, ...], dct: Dict[str, Any]) -> AutoLogicRegister:
        new_class = super().__new__(mcs, name, bases, dct)
        function: Callable[..., Any]
        for item_name, function in dct.items():
            if item_name == "copy_mixin":
                CollectionState.additional_copy_functions.append(function)
            elif item_name == "init_mixin":
                CollectionState.additional_init_functions.append(function)
            elif not item_name.startswith("__"):
                if hasattr(CollectionState, item_name):
                    raise Exception(f"Name conflict on Logic Mixin {name} trying to overwrite {item_name}")
                setattr(CollectionState, item_name, function)
        return new_class


class WebWorldRegister(type):
    def __new__(mcs, name: str, bases: Tuple[type, ...], dct: Dict[str, Any]) -> WebWorldRegister:
        # don't allow an option to appear in multiple groups, allow "Item & Location Options" to appear anywhere by the
        # dev, putting it at the end if they don't define options in it
        option_groups: List[OptionGroup] = dct.get("option_groups", [])
        prebuilt_options = ["Game Options", "Item & Location Options"]
        seen_options = []
        item_group_in_list = False
        for group in option_groups:
            assert group.options, "A custom defined Option Group must contain at least one Option."
            # catch incorrectly titled versions of the prebuilt groups so they don't create extra groups
            title_name = group.name.title()
            assert title_name not in prebuilt_options or title_name == group.name, \
                f"Prebuilt group name \"{group.name}\" must be \"{title_name}\""

            if group.name == "Item & Location Options":
                assert not any(option in item_and_loc_options for option in group.options), \
                    f"Item and Location Options cannot be specified multiple times"
                group.options.extend(item_and_loc_options)
                item_group_in_list = True
            else:
                for option in group.options:
                    assert option not in item_and_loc_options, \
                           f"{option} cannot be moved out of the \"Item & Location Options\" Group"
            assert len(group.options) == len(set(group.options)), f"Duplicate options in option group {group.name}"
            for option in group.options:
                assert option not in seen_options, f"{option} found in two option groups"
                seen_options.append(option)
        if not item_group_in_list:
            option_groups.append(OptionGroup("Item & Location Options", item_and_loc_options, True))
        return super().__new__(mcs, name, bases, dct)


def _timed_call(method: Callable[..., Any], *args: Any,
                multiworld: Optional["MultiWorld"] = None, player: Optional[int] = None) -> Any:
    start = time.perf_counter()
    ret = method(*args)
    taken = time.perf_counter() - start
    if taken > 1.0:
        if player and multiworld:
            perf_logger.info(f"Took {taken:.4f} seconds in {method.__qualname__} for player {player}, "
                             f"named {multiworld.player_name[player]}.")
        else:
            perf_logger.info(f"Took {taken:.4f} seconds in {method.__qualname__}.")
    return ret


def call_single(multiworld: "MultiWorld", method_name: str, player: int, *args: Any) -> Any:
    method = getattr(multiworld.worlds[player], method_name)
    try:
        ret = _timed_call(method, *args, multiworld=multiworld, player=player)
    except Exception as e:
        message = f"Exception in {method} for player {player}, named {multiworld.player_name[player]}."
        if sys.version_info >= (3, 11, 0):
            e.add_note(message)  # PEP 678
        else:
            logging.error(message)
        raise e
    else:
        return ret


def call_all(multiworld: "MultiWorld", method_name: str, *args: Any) -> None:
    world_types: Set[AutoWorldRegister] = set()
    for player in multiworld.player_ids:
        prev_item_count = len(multiworld.itempool)
        world_types.add(multiworld.worlds[player].__class__)
        call_single(multiworld, method_name, player, *args)
        if __debug__:
            new_items = multiworld.itempool[prev_item_count:]
            for i, item in enumerate(new_items):
                for other in new_items[i+1:]:
                    assert item is not other, (
                        f"Duplicate item reference of \"{item.name}\" in \"{multiworld.worlds[player].game}\" "
                        f"of player \"{multiworld.player_name[player]}\". Please make a copy instead.")

    call_stage(multiworld, method_name, *args)


def call_stage(multiworld: "MultiWorld", method_name: str, *args: Any) -> None:
    world_types = {multiworld.worlds[player].__class__ for player in multiworld.player_ids}
    for world_type in sorted(world_types, key=lambda world: world.__name__):
        stage_callable = getattr(world_type, f"stage_{method_name}", None)
        if stage_callable:
            _timed_call(stage_callable, multiworld, *args)


class WebWorld(metaclass=WebWorldRegister):
    """Webhost integration"""

    options_page: Union[bool, str] = True
    """display a settings page. Can be a link to a specific page or external tool."""

    game_info_languages: List[str] = ['en']
    """docs folder will be scanned for game info pages using this list in the format '{language}_{game_name}.md'"""

    tutorials: List["Tutorial"]
    """docs folder will also be scanned for tutorial guides. Each Tutorial class is to be used for one guide."""

    theme = "grass"
    """Choose a theme for you /game/* pages.
    Available: dirt, grass, grassFlowers, ice, jungle, ocean, partyTime, stone"""

    bug_report_page: Optional[str]
    """display a link to a bug report page, most likely a link to a GitHub issue page."""

    options_presets: Dict[str, Dict[str, Any]] = {}
    """A dictionary containing a collection of developer-defined game option presets."""

    option_groups: ClassVar[List[OptionGroup]] = []
    """Ordered list of option groupings. Any options not set in a group will be placed in a pre-built "Game Options"."""

    rich_text_options_doc = False
    """Whether the WebHost should render Options' docstrings as rich text.

    If this is True, Options' docstrings are interpreted as reStructuredText_,
    the standard Python markup format. In the WebHost, they're rendered to HTML
    so that lists, emphasis, and other rich text features are displayed
    properly.

    If this is False, the docstrings are instead interpreted as plain text, and
    displayed as-is on the WebHost with whitespace preserved. For backwards
    compatibility, this is the default.

    .. _reStructuredText: https://docutils.sourceforge.io/rst.html
    """

    location_descriptions: Dict[str, str] = {}
    """An optional map from location names (or location group names) to brief descriptions for users."""

    item_descriptions: Dict[str, str] = {}
    """An optional map from item names (or item group names) to brief descriptions for users."""


class World(metaclass=AutoWorldRegister):
    """A World object encompasses a game's Items, Locations, Rules and additional data or functionality required.
    A Game should have its own subclass of World in which it defines the required data structures."""

    options_dataclass: ClassVar[Type[PerGameCommonOptions]] = PerGameCommonOptions
    """link your Options mapping"""
    options: PerGameCommonOptions
    """resulting options for the player of this world"""

    game: ClassVar[str]
    """name the game"""
    topology_present: bool = False
    """indicate if this world has any meaningful layout/pathing"""

    all_item_and_group_names: ClassVar[FrozenSet[str]] = frozenset()
    """gets automatically populated with all item and item group names"""

    item_name_to_id: ClassVar[Dict[str, int]] = {}
    """map item names to their IDs"""
    location_name_to_id: ClassVar[Dict[str, int]] = {}
    """map location names to their IDs"""

    item_name_groups: ClassVar[Dict[str, Set[str]]] = {}
    """maps item group names to sets of items. Example: {"Weapons": {"Sword", "Bow"}}"""

    location_name_groups: ClassVar[Dict[str, Set[str]]] = {}
    """maps location group names to sets of locations. Example: {"Sewer": {"Sewer Key Drop 1", "Sewer Key Drop 2"}}"""

    required_client_version: Tuple[int, int, int] = (0, 1, 6)
    """
    override this if changes to a world break forward-compatibility of the client
    The base version of (0, 1, 6) is provided for backwards compatibility and does *not* need to be updated in the
    future. Protocol level compatibility check moved to MultiServer.min_client_version.
    """

    required_server_version: Tuple[int, int, int] = (0, 5, 0)
    """update this if the resulting multidata breaks forward-compatibility of the server"""

    hint_blacklist: ClassVar[FrozenSet[str]] = frozenset()
    """any names that should not be hintable"""

    hidden: ClassVar[bool] = False
    """Hide World Type from various views. Does not remove functionality."""

    web: ClassVar[WebWorld] = WebWorld()
    """see WebWorld for options"""

    origin_region_name: str = "Menu"
    """Name of the Region from which accessibility is tested."""

    explicit_indirect_conditions: bool = True
    """If True, the world implementation is supposed to use MultiWorld.register_indirect_condition() correctly.
    If False, everything is rechecked at every step, which is slower computationally, 
    but may be desirable in complex/dynamic worlds."""

    multiworld: "MultiWorld"
    """autoset on creation. The MultiWorld object for the currently generating multiworld."""
    player: int
    """autoset on creation. The player number for this World"""

    item_id_to_name: ClassVar[Dict[int, str]]
    """automatically generated reverse lookup of item id to name"""
    location_id_to_name: ClassVar[Dict[int, str]]
    """automatically generated reverse lookup of location id to name"""

    item_names: ClassVar[Set[str]]
    """set of all potential item names"""
    location_names: ClassVar[Set[str]]
    """set of all potential location names"""

    random: Random
    """This world's random object. Should be used for any randomization needed in world for this player slot."""

    settings_key: ClassVar[str]
    """name of the section in host.yaml for world-specific settings, will default to {folder}_options"""
    settings: ClassVar[Optional["Group"]]
    """loaded settings from host.yaml"""

    zip_path: ClassVar[Optional[pathlib.Path]] = None
    """If loaded from a .apworld, this is the Path to it."""
    __file__: ClassVar[str]
    """path it was loaded from"""

    def __init__(self, multiworld: "MultiWorld", player: int):
        assert multiworld is not None
        self.multiworld = multiworld
        self.player = player
        self.random = Random(multiworld.random.getrandbits(64))
        multiworld.per_slot_randoms[player] = self.random

    def __getattr__(self, item: str) -> Any:
        if item == "settings":
            return self.__class__.settings
        raise AttributeError

    # overridable methods that get called by Main.py, sorted by execution order
    # can also be implemented as a classmethod and called "stage_<original_name>",
    # in that case the MultiWorld object is passed as the first argument, and it gets called once for the entire multiworld.
    # An example of this can be found in alttp as stage_pre_fill

    @classmethod
    def stage_assert_generate(cls, multiworld: "MultiWorld") -> None:
        """
        Checks that a game is capable of generating, such as checking for some base file like a ROM.
        This gets called once per present world type. Not run for unittests since they don't produce output.
        """
        pass

    def generate_early(self) -> None:
        """
        Run before any general steps of the MultiWorld other than options. Useful for getting and adjusting option
        results and determining layouts for entrance rando etc. start inventory gets pushed after this step.
        """
        pass

    def create_regions(self) -> None:
        """Method for creating and connecting regions for the World."""
        pass

    def create_items(self) -> None:
        """
        Method for creating and submitting items to the itempool. Items and Regions must *not* be created and submitted
        to the MultiWorld after this step. If items need to be placed during pre_fill use `get_prefill_items`.
        """
        pass

    def set_rules(self) -> None:
        """Method for setting the rules on the World's regions and locations."""
        pass

    def connect_entrances(self) -> None:
        """Method to finalize the source and target regions of the World's entrances"""
        pass

    def generate_basic(self) -> None:
        """
        Useful for randomizing things that don't affect logic but are better to be determined before the output stage.
        i.e. checking what the player has marked as priority or randomizing enemies
        """
        pass

    def pre_fill(self) -> None:
        """Optional method that is supposed to be used for special fill stages. This is run *after* plando."""
        pass

    def fill_hook(self,
                  progitempool: List["Item"],
                  usefulitempool: List["Item"],
                  filleritempool: List["Item"],
                  fill_locations: List["Location"]) -> None:
        """Special method that gets called as part of distribute_items_restrictive (main fill)."""
        pass

    def post_fill(self) -> None:
        """
        Optional Method that is called after regular fill. Can be used to do adjustments before output generation.
        This happens before progression balancing, so the items may not be in their final locations yet.
        """

    def generate_output(self, output_directory: str) -> None:
        """
        This method gets called from a threadpool, do not use multiworld.random here.
        If you need any last-second randomization, use self.random instead.
        """
        pass

    def fill_slot_data(self) -> Mapping[str, Any]:  # json of WebHostLib.models.Slot
        """
        What is returned from this function will be in the `slot_data` field
        in the `Connected` network package.
        It should be a `dict` with `str` keys, and should be serializable with json.

        This is a way the generator can give custom data to the client.
        The client will receive this as JSON in the `Connected` response.

        The generation does not wait for `generate_output` to complete before calling this.
        `threading.Event` can be used if you need to wait for something from `generate_output`.
        """
        # The reason for the `Mapping` type annotation, rather than `dict`
        # is so that type checkers won't worry about the mutability of `dict`,
        # so you can have more specific typing in your world implementation.
        return {}

    def extend_hint_information(self, hint_data: Dict[int, Dict[int, str]]):
        """
        Fill in additional entrance information text into locations, which is displayed when hinted.
        structure is {player_id: {location_id: text}} You will need to insert your own player_id.
        """
        pass

    def modify_multidata(self, multidata: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:  # TODO: TypedDict for multidata?
        """For deeper modification of server multidata."""
        pass

    # Spoiler writing is optional, these may not get called.
    def write_spoiler_header(self, spoiler_handle: TextIO) -> None:
        """
        Write to the spoiler header. If individual it's right at the end of that player's options,
        if as stage it's right under the common header before per-player options.
        """
        pass

    def write_spoiler(self, spoiler_handle: TextIO) -> None:
        """
        Write to the spoiler "middle", this is after the per-player options and before locations,
        meant for useful or interesting info.
        """
        pass

    def write_spoiler_end(self, spoiler_handle: TextIO) -> None:
        """Write to the end of the spoiler"""
        pass

    # end of ordered Main.py calls

    def create_item(self, name: str) -> "Item":
        """
        Create an item for this world type and player.
        Warning: this may be called with self.world = None, for example by MultiServer
        """
        raise NotImplementedError

    def get_filler_item_name(self) -> str:
        """Called when the item pool needs to be filled with additional items to match location count."""
        logging.warning(f"World {self} is generating a filler item without custom filler pool.")
        return self.multiworld.random.choice(tuple(self.item_name_to_id.keys()))

    @classmethod
    def create_group(cls, multiworld: "MultiWorld", new_player_id: int, players: Set[int]) -> World:
        """
        Creates a group, which is an instance of World that is responsible for multiple others.
        An example case is ItemLinks creating these.
        """
        # TODO remove loop when worlds use options dataclass
        for option_key, option in cls.options_dataclass.type_hints.items():
            getattr(multiworld, option_key)[new_player_id] = option.from_any(option.default)
        group = cls(multiworld, new_player_id)
        group.options = cls.options_dataclass(**{option_key: option.from_any(option.default)
                                                 for option_key, option in cls.options_dataclass.type_hints.items()})
        group.options.accessibility = ItemsAccessibility(ItemsAccessibility.option_items)

        return group

    # decent place to implement progressive items, in most cases can stay as-is
    def collect_item(self, state: "CollectionState", item: "Item", remove: bool = False) -> Optional[str]:
        """
        Collect an item name into state. For speed reasons items that aren't logically useful get skipped.
        Collect None to skip item.
        :param state: CollectionState to collect into
        :param item: Item to decide on if it should be collected into state
        :param remove: indicate if this is meant to remove from state instead of adding.
        """
        if item.advancement:
            return item.name
        return None

    def get_pre_fill_items(self) -> List["Item"]:
        """
        Used to return items that need to be collected when creating a fresh all_state, but don't exist in the
        multiworld itempool.
        """
        return []

    # these two methods can be extended for pseudo-items on state
    def collect(self, state: "CollectionState", item: "Item") -> bool:
        """Called when an item is collected in to state. Useful for things such as progressive items or currency."""
        name = self.collect_item(state, item)
        if name:
            state.prog_items[self.player][name] += 1
            return True
        return False

    def remove(self, state: "CollectionState", item: "Item") -> bool:
        """Called when an item is removed from to state. Useful for things such as progressive items or currency."""
        name = self.collect_item(state, item, True)
        if name:
            state.prog_items[self.player][name] -= 1
            if state.prog_items[self.player][name] < 1:
                del (state.prog_items[self.player][name])
            return True
        return False

    # following methods should not need to be overridden.
    def create_filler(self) -> "Item":
        return self.create_item(self.get_filler_item_name())

    # convenience methods
    def get_location(self, location_name: str) -> "Location":
        return self.multiworld.get_location(location_name, self.player)

    def get_locations(self) -> "Iterable[Location]":
        return self.multiworld.get_locations(self.player)

    def get_entrance(self, entrance_name: str) -> "Entrance":
        return self.multiworld.get_entrance(entrance_name, self.player)

    def get_entrances(self) -> "Iterable[Entrance]":
        return self.multiworld.get_entrances(self.player)

    def get_region(self, region_name: str) -> "Region":
        return self.multiworld.get_region(region_name, self.player)

    def get_regions(self) -> "Iterable[Region]":
        return self.multiworld.get_regions(self.player)

    def push_precollected(self, item: Item) -> None:
        self.multiworld.push_precollected(item)

    @property
    def player_name(self) -> str:
        return self.multiworld.get_player_name(self.player)

    @classmethod
    def get_data_package_data(cls) -> "GamesPackage":
        sorted_item_name_groups = {
            name: sorted(cls.item_name_groups[name]) for name in sorted(cls.item_name_groups)
        }
        sorted_location_name_groups = {
            name: sorted(cls.location_name_groups[name]) for name in sorted(cls.location_name_groups)
        }
        res: "GamesPackage" = {
            # sorted alphabetically
            "item_name_groups": sorted_item_name_groups,
            "item_name_to_id": cls.item_name_to_id,
            "location_name_groups": sorted_location_name_groups,
            "location_name_to_id": cls.location_name_to_id,
        }
        res["checksum"] = data_package_checksum(res)
        return res


# any methods attached to this can be used as part of CollectionState,
# please use a prefix as all of them get clobbered together
class LogicMixin(metaclass=AutoLogicRegister):
    pass


def data_package_checksum(data: "GamesPackage") -> str:
    """Calculates the data package checksum for a game from a dict"""
    assert "checksum" not in data, "Checksum already in data"
    assert sorted(data) == list(data), "Data not ordered"
    from NetUtils import encode
    return hashlib.sha1(encode(data).encode()).hexdigest()