This PR is the solution to the 'js basics' #1

1-js-basics/1-data-types/solution.md

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+# Data Types in a Shopping Cart
+
+## Introduction
+A shopping cart requires various data types to manage products, user interactions, and calculations. Below is an overview of the data types used, their purposes, and why they are essential.
+
+---
+
+## Data Types
+
+### 1. **String**
+- **Purpose:** Store textual data like product names, user details, and currency symbols.
+- **Example:**
+  ```javascript
+  let productName = "Wireless Headphones";
+  let userName = "John Doe";
+  let currency = "$";
+

1-js-basics/solution.md

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+# Sub Topic 1 - Data Types
+
+ ## Assignment : Data Type Practice
+
+ ### Instruction :
+ -Imagine you are building a shopping cart. Write some documentation on the data types that you would need to complete your shopping experience. How did you arrive at your choices?-
+
+ ### Solution : 
+ Product :
+ 1, productName : String-> name of products in cart.
+ 2, qunatityItems : number-> number of each iteem in cart.
+ 3, itemPrice : number -> price of each item.
+ 4, availability : boolean -> weather the item is present or not.
+
+ User : 
+ 5, userName : string -> name of the user.
+ 6, userAddress : object -> as the address might change.
+ 7, userId : string -> seperate id for each users.
+
+ Cart:
+ 8, countItem : number -> total items in cart.
+ 9, items : [prod1,prod2] -> array of objects.
+ 10, cartTotal : number -> total amount.
+ 11, isEmpty : boolean -> check wheather the cart is Empty or not.
+
+ ## Challenge : 
+ 1, Try this in your console: let age = 1; let Age = 2; age == Age (resolves false -- why?) : because case sensitivity, as 'a' and 'A'are Different.
+   a, if '''age == age; Age == Age''' will give True.
+
+# Sub Topic 2 - functions,methods
+## Assignment : Fun with Functions
+
+### Instruction : 
+Create different functions, both functions that return something and functions that don't return anything.
+
+See if you can create a function that has a mix of parameters and parameters with default values.
+
+
+### Solution :
+1, Function that returns something:
+```function addNumbers(a, b) {
+    return a + b;
+}
+```
+
+2, Function that doesnot return Anything:
+```function logMessage(message) {
+    console.log(message);
+}
+```
+3, Function with only default parameters:
+``` function calculateDiscount(price, discountRate = 0.1) {
+    return price - price * discountRate;
+}
+```
+4, Arrow function that return something:
+```const multiplyNumbers = (x, y) => x * y;```
+5, Arrow function that doesnot return anything:
+```const logDate = () => {
+    console.log(`Today's date is ${new Date().toDateString()}`);
+};
+```
+
+## Challenge :
+''' Functions are standalone blocks in javascript whereas methods are functions that are always associated with objects and depict their properties.'''
+
+# Sub Topic 3 - making decisions
+## Assignment : Operators
+### Instructions :
+Play around with operaators. Heres a suggestion for a program you can implement:
+You have a set of students from two different grading system.
+
+### Solution :
+
+```
+let allStudents = ['A', 'B-', 1, 4, 5, 2];
+let studentsWhoPass = [];
+
+for (let grade of allStudents) {
+    if (typeof grade === 'string') {
+        if (['A', 'A-', 'B', 'B-', 'C'].includes(grade)) {
+            studentsWhoPass.push(grade);
+        }
+    } else if (typeof grade === 'number' && [3, 4, 5].includes(grade)) {
+        studentsWhoPass.push(grade);
+    }
+}
+
+console.log(studentsWhoPass);
+```
+## Challenge :
+Create a program that is written first with logical operators, and then 
+rewrite it using a ternary expression. What's your preferred syntax?
+```function checkVotingEligibility(age) {
+  if (age >= 18) {
+    return "Eligible to vote";
+  } else {
+    return "Not eligible to vote";
+  }
+}
+
+console.log(checkVotingEligibility(20)); // 
+console.log(checkVotingEligibility(16)); // 
+```
+Re-written :
+```function checkVotingEligibility(age) {
+  return age >= 18 ? "Eligible to vote" : "Not eligible to vote";
+}
+
+console.log(checkVotingEligibility(20)); // 
+console.log(checkVotingEligibility(16)); // 
+```
+My preferance :
+
+Logical Operators (if-else):
+Preferred when the logic is complex or involves multiple conditions.
+Easier to read and maintain for nested or multi-step logic.
+
+Ternary Expression:
+Ideal for simple conditions with straightforward outcomes.
+Compact and efficient for small, clear logic.
+
+# Sub Topic 4 - arrays, loops
+## Assignment : Loop an Array
+### Instructions:
+Create a program that lists every 3rd number between 1-20 and prints it to the console.
+TIP: use a for-loop and modify the iteration-expression
+
+### Solution : 
+```
+for (let i = 1; i <= 20; i += 3) {
+  console.log(i);
+}
+```
+## Challenge:
+1, For each :
+```let allStudents = [
+  'A',
+  'B-',
+  1,
+  4,
+  5,
+  2
+];
+
+let studentsWhoPass = [];
+
+allStudents.forEach(grade => {
+  if (typeof grade === 'number' && grade >= 3) {
+    studentsWhoPass.push(grade);
+  } else if (typeof grade === 'string' && ['A', 'A-', 'B', 'B-', 'C'].includes(grade)) {
+    studentsWhoPass.push(grade);
+  }
+});
+
+console.log('Students who pass (forEach):', studentsWhoPass);
+```
+2, for-of:
+```let studentsWhoPass = [];
+
+for (let grade of allStudents) {
+  if (typeof grade === 'number' && grade >= 3) {
+    studentsWhoPass.push(grade);
+  } else if (typeof grade === 'string' && ['A', 'A-', 'B', 'B-', 'C'].includes(grade)) {
+    studentsWhoPass.push(grade);
+  }
+}
+
+console.log('Students who pass (for-of):', studentsWhoPass);
+```
+3,map:
+```let studentsWhoPass = allStudents.map(grade => {
+  if (typeof grade === 'number' && grade >= 3) {
+    return grade;
+  } else if (typeof grade === 'string' && ['A', 'A-', 'B', 'B-', 'C'].includes(grade)) {
+    return grade;
+  } else {
+    return null; 
+  }
+}).filter(grade => grade !== null); 
+
+console.log('Students who pass (map):', studentsWhoPass);
+```
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