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PRF&PUB:20170712 Storage management in LXD 2.15.md
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PUB:20170731 Docker vs. Kubernetes vs. Apache Mesos Why What You Thin…
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PRF&PUB:20170113 3 open source music players.md
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PRF&PUB:20170120 lxc exec vs ssh.md
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PRF:20170705 Two great uses for the cp command.md
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PRF:20170711 Ubuntu Core Making a factory image with private snaps.md
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Docker 领导 OCI 发布容器运行时和镜像格式规范 V1.0
============================================================

今天是开放容器计划(OCI)的一个重要里程碑,OCI 发布了容器运行时和镜像规范的 1.0 版本,而Docker 在这过去两年中一直充当着驱动和领航的核心角色。我们的目标是为社区、客户以及更广泛的容器行业提供底层的标准。要了解这一里程碑的意义,我们先来看看 Docker 在开发容器技术行业标准方面的成长和发展历史。

**Docker 将运行时和镜像捐赠给 OCI 的历史**

Docker 的镜像格式和容器运行时在 2013 年作为开源项目发布后,迅速成为事实上的标准。我们认识到将其转交给中立管理机构管理,以加强创新和防止行业碎片化的重要性。我们与广泛的容器技术人员和行业领导者合作,成立了开放容器项目(Open Container Project)来制定了一套容器标准,并在 Linux 基金会的支持下,于 2015 年 6 月在 Docker 大会(DockerCon)上推出。最终在那个夏天演变成为开放容器计划(Open Container Initiative ,OCI)。

Docker 贡献了 runc ,这是从 Docker 员工 [Michael Crosby][17] 的 libcontainer 项目中发展而来的容器运行时参考实现。 runc 是描述容器生命周期和运行时行为的运行时规范的基础。runc 被用在数千万个节点的生产环境中,这比任何其他代码库都要大一个数量级。runc 已经成为运行时规范的参考实现,并且随着项目的进展而不断发展。

在运行时规范制定工作开始近一年后,我们组建了一个新的工作组来制定镜像格式的规范。 Docker 将 Docker V2 镜像格式捐赠给 OCI 作为镜像规范的基础。通过这次捐赠,OCI 定义了构成容器镜像的数据结构(原始镜像)。定义容器镜像格式是一个至关重要的步骤,但它需要一个像 Docker 这样的平台通过定义和提供构建、管理和发布镜像的工具来实现它的价值。 例如,Dockerfile 等内容并不包括在 OCI 规范中。

**标题:Docker 为 OCI 贡献的历史**

![Docker 和 OCI](https://i2.wp.com/blog.docker.com/wp-content/uploads/OCI.png?resize=938%2C1491&ssl=1)

**开放容器标准化之旅**

这个规范已经持续开发了两年。随着代码的重构,小型项目已经从 runc 参考实现中脱颖而出,并支持即将发布的认证测试工具。

有关 Docker 参与塑造 OCI 的详细信息,请参阅上面的时间轴,其中包括:创建 runc ,和社区一起更新迭代运行时规范,创建 containerd 以便于将 runc 集成到 Docker 1.11 中,将 Docker V2 镜像格式贡献给 OCI 作为其础镜像格式规范的基础,并在 [containerd][18] 中实现该规范,使得该核心容器运行时同时涵盖了运行时和镜像格式标准,最后将 containerd 捐赠给了云计算基金会(CNCF),并将其更新到 1.0 alpha 版本于本月发布。

维护者 [Michael Crosby][19] 和 [Stephen Day][20] 引导了这些规范的发展,并且为 v1.0 版本的实现提供了极大的帮助,以及 Alexander Morozov,Josh Hawn,Derek McGown 和 Aaron Lehmann 也贡献了代码,以及Stephen Walli 参加了认证工作组。

Docker 仍然致力于推动容器标准化进程,在每个人都认可的层面建立起坚实的基础,使整个容器行业能够在依旧十分差异化的层面上进行创新。

**开放标准只是一小块拼图**

Docker 是一个完整的平台,用于创建、管理、保护和编排容器以及镜像。该项目的愿景始终是致力于成为支持开源组件的行业规范的基石,或着是容器解决方案的校准铅锤。Docker 平台正位于此层之上 -- 为客户提供从开发到生产的安全的容器管理解决方案。

OCI 运行时和镜像规范成为一个可靠的标准基础,允许和鼓励多样化的容器解决方案,同时它们不限制产品创新或遏制主要开发者。打一个比方,TCP/IP,HTTP 和 HTML 成为过去25年来建立万维网的可靠标准,其他公司可以继续通过这些标准的新工具、技术和浏览器进行创新。 OCI 规范也为容器解决方案提供了类似的规范基础。

开源项目也在为产品开发提供组件方面发挥着作用。containerd 项目就使用 OCI 的 runc 参考实现,负责镜像的传输和存储,容器运行和监控,以及支持存储和网络附件的等底层功能。containerd 项目已经被 Docker 捐赠给了 CNCF ,与其他重要项目一起支持云计算解决方案。

Docker 使用了 containerd 和其他自己的核心开源基础设施组件,如 LinuxKit,InfraKit 和 Notary 等项目来构建和保护 Docker 社区版容器解决方案。正在寻找一个完整的容器平台,能提供容器管理、安全性、编排、网络和更多功能的用户和组织可以查看 Docker Enterprise Edition 。

![Docker 栈](https://i0.wp.com/blog.docker.com/wp-content/uploads/243938a0-856b-4a7f-90ca-2452a69a385c-1.jpg?resize=1019%2C511&ssl=1)

> 这张图强调了 OCI 规范提供了一个由容器运行时实现的标准层:containerd 和 runc。 要组装一个完整的、具有完整容器生命周期和工作流程的容器平台,如 Docker,需要和许多其他的组件集成在一起:管理基础架构的 InfraKit,提供操作系统的 LinuxKit,交付编排的 SwarmKit,确保安全性的 Notary。

**OCI 下一步该干什么**

随着运行时和镜像规范的发布,我们应该庆祝开发者的努力。开放容器计划的下一个关键工作是提供认证计划,以验证实现者的产品和项目确实符合运行时和镜像规范。[认证工作组][21] 已经组织了一个程序,结合了开发套件(developing suite)的[运行时][22]和[镜像][23]规范测试工具将展示产品应该如何参照标准进行实现。

同时,目前规范的开发者们正在考虑下一个最重要的容器技术领域。云计算基金会的通用容器网络接口开发工作已经正在进行中,支持镜像签署和分发的工作正也在 OCI 的考虑之中。

除了 OCI 及其成员,Docker 仍然致力于推进容器技术的标准化。 OCI 的使命是为用户和公司提供在开发人工具、镜像分发、容器编排、安全、监控和管理等方面进行创新的基准。Docker 将继续引领创新,不仅提供提高生产力和效率的工具,而且还通过授权用户,合作伙伴和客户进行创新。

**在 Docker 学习更过关于 OCI 和开源的信息:**

* 阅读 [OCI 规范的误区][1]

* 访问 [开放容器计划的网站][2]

* 访问 [Moby 项目网站 ][3]

* 参加 [DockerCon Europe 2017][4]

* 参加 [Moby Summit LA][5]

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作者简介:

Patrick Chanezon是Docker Inc.技术人员。他的工作是帮助构建 Docker 。一个程序员和讲故事的人 (storyller),他在 Netscape 和 Sun 工作了10年的时间,又在Google,VMware 和微软工作了10年。他的主要职业兴趣是为这些奇特的双边市场“平台”建立和推动网络效应。他曾在门户网站,广告,电商,社交,Web,分布式应用和云平台上工作过。有关更多信息,请访问 linkedin.com/in/chanezon 和他的推特@chanezon。

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via: https://blog.docker.com/2017/07/oci-release-of-v1-0-runtime-and-image-format-specifications/

作者:[Patrick Chanezon ][a]
译者:[rieonke](https://github.com/rieonke)
校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)

本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译,[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出

[a]:https://blog.docker.com/author/chanezon/
[1]:https://blog.docker.com/2017/07/demystifying-open-container-initiative-oci-specifications/
[2]:https://www.opencontainers.org/join
[3]:http://mobyproject.org/
[4]:https://europe-2017.dockercon.com/
[5]:https://www.eventbrite.com/e/moby-summit-los-angeles-tickets-35930560273
[6]:https://blog.docker.com/author/chanezon/
[7]:https://blog.docker.com/tag/cncf/
[8]:https://blog.docker.com/tag/containerd/
[9]:https://blog.docker.com/tag/containers/
[10]:https://blog.docker.com/tag/docker/
[11]:https://blog.docker.com/tag/docker-image-format/
[12]:https://blog.docker.com/tag/docker-runtime/
[13]:https://blog.docker.com/tag/infrakit/
[14]:https://blog.docker.com/tag/linux-foundation/
[15]:https://blog.docker.com/tag/oci/
[16]:https://blog.docker.com/tag/open-containers/
[17]:https://github.com/crosbymichael
[18]:https://containerd.io/
[19]:https://github.com/crosbymichael
[20]:https://github.com/stevvooe
[21]:https://github.com/opencontainers/certification
[22]:https://github.com/opencontainers/runtime-tools
[23]:https://github.com/opencontainers/image-tools