[3/n][dagster-fivetran] Implement FivetranClient for rework (#25756)

## Summary & Motivation

This PR implements `FivetranClient`, which is based on the legacy
`FivetranResource` code. Basically reusing how `make_request` was
implemented and adding more methods to leverage in a subsequent PR to
fetch the Fivetran workspace data.

## How I Tested These Changes

Additional unit test

python_modules/libraries/dagster-fivetran/dagster_fivetran/resources.py

@@ -30,8 +30,10 @@
 from dagster_fivetran.utils import get_fivetran_connector_url, get_fivetran_logs_url
 
 FIVETRAN_API_BASE = "https://api.fivetran.com"
-FIVETRAN_API_VERSION_PATH = "v1/"
-FIVETRAN_CONNECTOR_PATH = "connectors/"
+FIVETRAN_API_VERSION = "v1"
+FIVETRAN_CONNECTOR_ENDPOINT = "connectors"
+FIVETRAN_API_VERSION_PATH = f"{FIVETRAN_API_VERSION}/"
+FIVETRAN_CONNECTOR_PATH = f"{FIVETRAN_CONNECTOR_ENDPOINT}/"
 
 # default polling interval (in seconds)
 DEFAULT_POLL_INTERVAL = 10
@@ -463,7 +465,7 @@ def __init__(
 
     @property
     def _auth(self) -> HTTPBasicAuth:
-        raise NotImplementedError()
+        return HTTPBasicAuth(self.api_key, self.api_secret)
 
     @property
     @cached_method
@@ -472,40 +474,102 @@ def _log(self) -> logging.Logger:
 
     @property
     def api_base_url(self) -> str:
-        raise NotImplementedError()
+        return f"{FIVETRAN_API_BASE}/{FIVETRAN_API_VERSION}"
 
     @property
     def api_connector_url(self) -> str:
-        raise NotImplementedError()
+        return f"{self.api_base_url}/{FIVETRAN_CONNECTOR_ENDPOINT}"
 
-    def make_connector_request(
+    def _make_connector_request(
         self, method: str, endpoint: str, data: Optional[str] = None
     ) -> Mapping[str, Any]:
-        raise NotImplementedError()
+        return self._make_request(method, f"{FIVETRAN_CONNECTOR_ENDPOINT}/{endpoint}", data)
 
-    def make_request(
+    def _make_request(
         self, method: str, endpoint: str, data: Optional[str] = None
     ) -> Mapping[str, Any]:
-        raise NotImplementedError()
+        """Creates and sends a request to the desired Fivetran API endpoint.
+
+        Args:
+            method (str): The http method to use for this request (e.g. "POST", "GET", "PATCH").
+            endpoint (str): The Fivetran API endpoint to send this request to.
+            data (Optional[str]): JSON-formatted data string to be included in the request.
+
+        Returns:
+            Dict[str, Any]: Parsed json data from the response to this request.
+        """
+        url = f"{self.api_base_url}/{endpoint}"
+        headers = {
+            "User-Agent": f"dagster-fivetran/{__version__}",
+            "Content-Type": "application/json;version=2",
+        }
+
+        num_retries = 0
+        while True:
+            try:
+                response = requests.request(
+                    method=method,
+                    url=url,
+                    headers=headers,
+                    auth=self._auth,
+                    data=data,
+                    timeout=int(os.getenv("DAGSTER_FIVETRAN_API_REQUEST_TIMEOUT", "60")),
+                )
+                response.raise_for_status()
+                resp_dict = response.json()
+                return resp_dict["data"] if "data" in resp_dict else resp_dict
+            except RequestException as e:
+                self._log.error("Request to Fivetran API failed: %s", e)
+                if num_retries == self.request_max_retries:
+                    break
+                num_retries += 1
+                time.sleep(self.request_retry_delay)
+
+        raise Failure(f"Max retries ({self.request_max_retries}) exceeded with url: {url}.")
 
     def get_connector_details(self, connector_id: str) -> Mapping[str, Any]:
-        """Fetches details about a given connector from the Fivetran API."""
-        raise NotImplementedError()
+        """Gets details about a given connector from the Fivetran API.
+
+        Args:
+            connector_id (str): The Fivetran Connector ID. You can retrieve this value from the
+                "Setup" tab of a given connector in the Fivetran UI.
+
+        Returns:
+            Dict[str, Any]: Parsed json data from the response to this request.
+        """
+        return self._make_connector_request(method="GET", endpoint=connector_id)
 
     def get_connectors_for_group(self, group_id: str) -> Mapping[str, Any]:
-        """Fetches all connectors for a given group from the Fivetran API."""
-        raise NotImplementedError()
+        """Fetches all connectors for a given group from the Fivetran API.
+
+        Args:
+            group_id (str): The Fivetran Group ID.
+
+        Returns:
+            Dict[str, Any]: Parsed json data from the response to this request.
+        """
+        return self._make_request("GET", f"groups/{group_id}/connectors")
 
     def get_destination_details(self, destination_id: str) -> Mapping[str, Any]:
-        """Fetches details about a given destination from the Fivetran API."""
-        raise NotImplementedError()
+        """Fetches details about a given destination from the Fivetran API.
+
+        Args:
+            destination_id (str): The Fivetran Destination ID.
+
+        Returns:
+            Dict[str, Any]: Parsed json data from the response to this request.
+        """
+        return self._make_request("GET", f"destinations/{destination_id}")
 
     def get_groups(self) -> Mapping[str, Any]:
-        """Fetches all groups from the Fivetran API."""
-        raise NotImplementedError()
+        """Fetches all groups from the Fivetran API.
+
+        Returns:
+            Dict[str, Any]: Parsed json data from the response to this request.
+        """
+        return self._make_request("GET", "groups")
 
 
-@experimental
 class FivetranWorkspace(ConfigurableResource):
     """This class represents a Fivetran workspace and provides utilities
     to interact with Fivetran APIs.