Build release packages for Ubuntu 24.04

[tautschnig]

In addition to 20.04 and 22.04 we should now also produce native releases for Ubuntu 24.04.

• Each commit message has a non-empty body, explaining why the change was made.
• n/a Methods or procedures I have added are documented, following the guidelines provided in CODING_STANDARD.md.
• n/a The feature or user visible behaviour I have added or modified has been documented in the User Guide in doc/cprover-manual/
• Regression or unit tests are included, or existing tests cover the modified code (in this case I have detailed which ones those are in the commit message).
• n/a My commit message includes data points confirming performance improvements (if claimed).
• My PR is restricted to a single feature or bugfix.
• n/a White-space or formatting changes outside the feature-related changed lines are in commits of their own.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 78.88%. Comparing base (1f96000) to head (2d5ca70).
Report is 2 commits behind head on develop.

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff            @@
##           develop    #8522   +/-   ##
========================================
  Coverage    78.88%   78.88%           
========================================
  Files         1728     1728           
  Lines       198669   198669           
  Branches     18397    18393    -4     
========================================
  Hits        156719   156719           
  Misses       41950    41950           

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[kroening]

I am wondering wether the approach taken by ebmc is worth considering -- the single .deb package for ebmc works with a broad range of Debian and Ubuntu releases.