add Placement New

compiler/src/dmd/astbase.d

@@ -4813,10 +4813,12 @@ struct ASTBase
         Expression thisexp;     // if !=null, 'this' for class being allocated
         ClassDeclaration cd;    // class being instantiated
         Expressions* arguments; // Array of Expression's to call class constructor
+        Expression placement;   // if != null, then PlacementExpression
 
-        extern (D) this(const ref Loc loc, Expression thisexp, ClassDeclaration cd, Expressions* arguments)
+        extern (D) this(const ref Loc loc, Expression placement, Expression thisexp, ClassDeclaration cd, Expressions* arguments)
         {
             super(loc, EXP.newAnonymousClass, __traits(classInstanceSize, NewAnonClassExp));
+            this.placement = placement;
             this.thisexp = thisexp;
             this.cd = cd;
             this.arguments = arguments;
@@ -5025,10 +5027,12 @@ struct ASTBase
         Type newtype;
         Expressions* arguments;     // Array of Expression's
         Identifiers* names;         // Array of names corresponding to expressions
+        Expression placement;       // if != null, then PlacementExpression
 
-        extern (D) this(const ref Loc loc, Expression thisexp, Type newtype, Expressions* arguments, Identifiers* names = null)
+        extern (D) this(const ref Loc loc, Expression placement, Expression thisexp, Type newtype, Expressions* arguments, Identifiers* names = null)
         {
             super(loc, EXP.new_, __traits(classInstanceSize, NewExp));
+            this.placement = placement;
             this.thisexp = thisexp;
             this.newtype = newtype;
             this.arguments = arguments;

compiler/src/dmd/dinterpret.d

@@ -2794,6 +2794,13 @@ public:
             printf("%s NewExp::interpret() %s\n", e.loc.toChars(), e.toChars());
         }
 
+        if (e.placement)
+        {
+            error(e.placement.loc, "`new ( %s )` PlacementExpression cannot be evaluated at compile time", e.placement.toChars());
+            result = CTFEExp.cantexp;
+            return;
+        }
+
         Expression epre = interpret(pue, e.argprefix, istate, CTFEGoal.Nothing);
         if (exceptionOrCant(epre))
             return;
@@ -5067,7 +5074,7 @@ public:
             auto ce = e.e2.isCallExp();
             assert(ce);
 
-            auto ne = new NewExp(e.loc, null, e.type, ce.arguments);
+            auto ne = new NewExp(e.loc, null, null, e.type, ce.arguments);
             ne.type = e.e1.type;
 
             result = interpret(ne, istate);

compiler/src/dmd/dsymbolsem.d

@@ -1304,9 +1304,12 @@ private extern(C++) final class DsymbolSemanticVisitor : Visitor
                             ex = (cast(AssignExp)ex).e2;
                         if (auto ne = ex.isNewExp())
                         {
+                            if (ne.placement)
+                            {
+                            }
                             /* See if initializer is a NewExp that can be allocated on the stack.
                              */
-                            if (dsym.type.toBasetype().ty == Tclass)
+                            else if (dsym.type.toBasetype().ty == Tclass)
                             {
                                 /* Unsafe to allocate on stack if constructor is not `scope` because the `this` can leak.
                                  * https://issues.dlang.org/show_bug.cgi?id=23145

compiler/src/dmd/dtemplate.d

@@ -3008,6 +3008,8 @@ private bool reliesOnTemplateParameters(Expression e, TemplateParameter[] tparam
         override void visit(NewExp e)
         {
             //printf("NewExp.reliesOnTemplateParameters('%s')\n", e.toChars());
+            if (e.placement)
+                e.placement.accept(this);
             if (e.thisexp)
                 e.thisexp.accept(this);
             result = e.newtype.reliesOnTemplateParameters(tparams);

compiler/src/dmd/e2ir.d

@@ -1255,8 +1255,13 @@ elem* toElem(Expression e, ref IRState irs)
             elem *ezprefix = null;
             elem *ez = null;
 
-            // Call _d_newitemT()
-            if (auto lowering = ne.lowering)
+            if (ne.placement)
+            {
+                ex = toElem(ne.placement, irs);
+                ex = addressElem(ex, tclass, false);
+            }
+            else if (auto lowering = ne.lowering)
+                // Call _d_newitemT()
                 ex = toElem(ne.lowering, irs);
             else
                 assert(0, "This case should have been rewritten to `_d_newitemT` in the semantic phase");
@@ -1266,7 +1271,7 @@ elem* toElem(Expression e, ref IRState irs)
             elem *ev = el_same(ex);
 
             if (ne.argprefix)
-                    ezprefix = toElem(ne.argprefix, irs);
+                ezprefix = toElem(ne.argprefix, irs);
             if (ne.member)
             {
                 if (sd.isNested())
@@ -1298,10 +1303,12 @@ elem* toElem(Expression e, ref IRState irs)
             {
                 StructLiteralExp sle = StructLiteralExp.create(ne.loc, sd, ne.arguments, t);
                 ez = toElemStructLit(sle, irs, EXP.construct, ev.Vsym, false);
+                if (tybasic(ez.Ety) == TYstruct)
+                    ez = el_una(OPaddr, TYnptr, ez);
             }
             //elem_print(ex);
             //elem_print(ey);
-            //elem_print(ez);
+            //printf("ez:\n"); elem_print(ez);
 
             e = el_combine(ex, ey);
             e = el_combine(e, ew);
@@ -1321,8 +1328,16 @@ elem* toElem(Expression e, ref IRState irs)
         {
             elem *ezprefix = ne.argprefix ? toElem(ne.argprefix, irs) : null;
 
-            // call _d_newitemT()
-            e = toElem(ne.lowering, irs);
+            if (ne.placement)
+            {
+                e = toElem(ne.placement, irs);
+                e = addressElem(e, ne.newtype.toBasetype(), false);
+            }
+            else if (auto lowering = ne.lowering)
+                // Call _d_newitemT()
+                e = toElem(ne.lowering, irs);
+            else
+                assert(0, "This case should have been rewritten to `_d_newitemT` in the semantic phase");
 
             if (ne.arguments && ne.arguments.length == 1)
             {

compiler/src/dmd/escape.d

@@ -1635,6 +1635,9 @@ void escapeExp(Expression e, ref scope EscapeByResults er, int deref)
 
     void visitNew(NewExp e)
     {
+        if (e.placement)
+            escapeExp(e.placement, er, deref);
+
         Type tb = e.newtype.toBasetype();
         if (tb.isTypeStruct() && !e.member && e.arguments)
         {

compiler/src/dmd/expression.d

@@ -2554,6 +2554,7 @@ extern (C++) final class NewExp : Expression
     Type newtype;
     Expressions* arguments;     // Array of Expression's
     Identifiers* names;         // Array of names corresponding to expressions
+    Expression placement;       // if !=null, then PlacementExpression
 
     Expression argprefix;       // expression to be evaluated just before arguments[]
     CtorDeclaration member;     // constructor function
@@ -2566,23 +2567,25 @@ extern (C++) final class NewExp : Expression
     /// The fields are still separate for backwards compatibility
     extern (D) ArgumentList argumentList() { return ArgumentList(arguments, names); }
 
-    extern (D) this(const ref Loc loc, Expression thisexp, Type newtype, Expressions* arguments, Identifiers* names = null) @safe
+    extern (D) this(const ref Loc loc, Expression placement, Expression thisexp, Type newtype, Expressions* arguments, Identifiers* names = null) @safe
     {
         super(loc, EXP.new_);
+        this.placement = placement;
         this.thisexp = thisexp;
         this.newtype = newtype;
         this.arguments = arguments;
         this.names = names;
     }
 
-    static NewExp create(const ref Loc loc, Expression thisexp, Type newtype, Expressions* arguments) @safe
+    static NewExp create(const ref Loc loc, Expression placement, Expression thisexp, Type newtype, Expressions* arguments) @safe
     {
-        return new NewExp(loc, thisexp, newtype, arguments);
+        return new NewExp(loc, placement, thisexp, newtype, arguments);
     }
 
     override NewExp syntaxCopy()
     {
         return new NewExp(loc,
+            placement ? placement.syntaxCopy() : null,
             thisexp ? thisexp.syntaxCopy() : null,
             newtype.syntaxCopy(),
             arraySyntaxCopy(arguments),
@@ -2603,18 +2606,22 @@ extern (C++) final class NewAnonClassExp : Expression
     Expression thisexp;     // if !=null, 'this' for class being allocated
     ClassDeclaration cd;    // class being instantiated
     Expressions* arguments; // Array of Expression's to call class constructor
+    Expression placement;   // if !=null, then PlacementExpression
 
-    extern (D) this(const ref Loc loc, Expression thisexp, ClassDeclaration cd, Expressions* arguments) @safe
+    extern (D) this(const ref Loc loc, Expression placement, Expression thisexp, ClassDeclaration cd, Expressions* arguments) @safe
     {
         super(loc, EXP.newAnonymousClass);
+        this.placement = placement;
         this.thisexp = thisexp;
         this.cd = cd;
         this.arguments = arguments;
     }
 
     override NewAnonClassExp syntaxCopy()
     {
-        return new NewAnonClassExp(loc, thisexp ? thisexp.syntaxCopy() : null, cd.syntaxCopy(null), arraySyntaxCopy(arguments));
+        return new NewAnonClassExp(loc, placement ? placement.syntaxCopy : null,
+                                        thisexp ? thisexp.syntaxCopy() : null,
+                                        cd.syntaxCopy(null), arraySyntaxCopy(arguments));
     }
 
     override void accept(Visitor v)

compiler/src/dmd/expression.h

@@ -509,6 +509,7 @@ class NewExp final : public Expression
     Type *newtype;
     Expressions *arguments;     // Array of Expression's
     Identifiers *names;         // Array of names corresponding to expressions
+    Expression *placement;      // if !NULL, placement expression
 
     Expression *argprefix;      // expression to be evaluated just before arguments[]
 
@@ -518,7 +519,7 @@ class NewExp final : public Expression
 
     Expression *lowering;       // lowered druntime hook: `_d_newclass`
 
-    static NewExp *create(const Loc &loc, Expression *thisexp, Type *newtype, Expressions *arguments);
+    static NewExp *create(const Loc &loc, Expression *placement, Expression *thisexp, Type *newtype, Expressions *arguments);
     NewExp *syntaxCopy() override;
 
     void accept(Visitor *v) override { v->visit(this); }
@@ -532,6 +533,7 @@ class NewAnonClassExp final : public Expression
     Expression *thisexp;        // if !NULL, 'this' for class being allocated
     ClassDeclaration *cd;       // class being instantiated
     Expressions *arguments;     // Array of Expression's to call class constructor
+    Expression *placement;      // if !NULL, placement expression
 
     NewAnonClassExp *syntaxCopy() override;
     void accept(Visitor *v) override { v->visit(this); }

compiler/src/dmd/expressionsem.d

@@ -3130,7 +3130,7 @@ private bool functionParameters(const ref Loc loc, Scope* sc,
                     auto args = new Expressions(nargs - i);
                     foreach (u; i .. nargs)
                         (*args)[u - i] = (*arguments)[u];
-                    arg = new NewExp(loc, null, p.type, args);
+                    arg = new NewExp(loc, null, null, p.type, args);
                     break;
                 }
             default:
@@ -4902,6 +4902,19 @@ private extern (C++) final class ExpressionSemanticVisitor : Visitor
             return;
         }
 
+        if (exp.placement)
+        {
+            exp.placement = exp.placement.expressionSemantic(sc);
+            auto p = exp.placement;
+            if (p.op == EXP.error)
+                return setError();
+            if (!p.isLvalue())
+            {
+                error(p.loc, "PlacementExpression `%s` is an rvalue, but must be an lvalue", p.toChars());
+                return setError();
+            }
+        }
+
         //for error messages if the argument in [] is not convertible to size_t
         const originalNewtype = exp.newtype;
 
@@ -4988,6 +5001,18 @@ private extern (C++) final class ExpressionSemanticVisitor : Visitor
             return setError();
         }
 
+        if (exp.placement)
+        {
+            auto placementSize = size(exp.placement.type, exp.placement.loc);
+            auto objectSize = size(tb, exp.placement.loc);
+            //printf("placementSize: %lld objectSize: %lld\n", placementSize, objectSize);
+            if (placementSize < objectSize)
+            {
+                error(exp.placement.loc, "new placement size %llu must be >= object size %llu", placementSize, objectSize);
+                return setError();
+            }
+        }
+
         const size_t nargs = exp.arguments ? exp.arguments.length : 0;
         Expression newprefix = null;
 
@@ -5506,6 +5531,11 @@ private extern (C++) final class ExpressionSemanticVisitor : Visitor
         }
         else if (tb.ty == Taarray)
         {
+            if (exp.placement)
+            {
+                error(exp.placement.loc, "placement new cannot be used with associative arrays");
+                return setError();
+            }
             // e.g. `new Alias(args)`
             if (nargs)
             {
@@ -5555,7 +5585,7 @@ private extern (C++) final class ExpressionSemanticVisitor : Visitor
             sds.members.push(e.cd);
         }
 
-        Expression n = new NewExp(e.loc, e.thisexp, e.cd.type, e.arguments);
+        Expression n = new NewExp(e.loc, e.placement, e.thisexp, e.cd.type, e.arguments);
 
         Expression c = new CommaExp(e.loc, d, n);
         result = c.expressionSemantic(sc);
@@ -15091,6 +15121,8 @@ bool checkSharedAccess(Expression e, Scope* sc, bool returnRef = false)
 
         bool visitNew(NewExp e)
         {
+            if (e.placement)
+                check(e.placement, false);
             if (e.thisexp)
                 check(e.thisexp, false);
             return false;
@@ -15274,6 +15306,8 @@ Expression resolveLoc(Expression exp, const ref Loc loc, Scope* sc)
 
     Expression visitNew(NewExp exp)
     {
+        if (exp.placement)
+            exp.placement = exp.placement.resolveLoc(loc, sc);
         if (exp.thisexp)
             exp.thisexp = exp.thisexp.resolveLoc(loc, sc);
         if (exp.argprefix)

compiler/src/dmd/frontend.h

@@ -3117,6 +3117,7 @@ class NewAnonClassExp final : public Expression
     Expression* thisexp;
     ClassDeclaration* cd;
     Array<Expression* >* arguments;
+    Expression* placement;
     NewAnonClassExp* syntaxCopy() override;
     void accept(Visitor* v) override;
 };
@@ -3128,12 +3129,13 @@ class NewExp final : public Expression
     Type* newtype;
     Array<Expression* >* arguments;
     Array<Identifier* >* names;
+    Expression* placement;
     Expression* argprefix;
     CtorDeclaration* member;
     bool onstack;
     bool thrownew;
     Expression* lowering;
-    static NewExp* create(const Loc& loc, Expression* thisexp, Type* newtype, Array<Expression* >* arguments);
+    static NewExp* create(const Loc& loc, Expression* placement, Expression* thisexp, Type* newtype, Array<Expression* >* arguments);
     NewExp* syntaxCopy() override;
     void accept(Visitor* v) override;
 };

compiler/src/dmd/hdrgen.d

@@ -2423,6 +2423,13 @@ private void expressionPrettyPrint(Expression e, ref OutBuffer buf, ref HdrGenSt
             buf.writeByte('.');
         }
         buf.writestring("new ");
+        if (e.placement)
+        {
+            buf.writeByte('(');
+            expToBuffer(e.placement, PREC.assign, buf, hgs);
+            buf.writeByte(')');
+            buf.writeByte(' ');
+        }
         typeToBuffer(e.newtype, null, buf, hgs);
         if (e.arguments && e.arguments.length)
         {
@@ -2440,6 +2447,13 @@ private void expressionPrettyPrint(Expression e, ref OutBuffer buf, ref HdrGenSt
             buf.writeByte('.');
         }
         buf.writestring("new");
+        if (e.placement)
+        {
+            buf.writeByte(' ');
+            buf.writeByte('(');
+            expToBuffer(e.placement, PREC.assign, buf, hgs);
+            buf.writeByte(')');
+        }
         buf.writestring(" class ");
         if (e.arguments && e.arguments.length)
         {