write article model

article/admin.py

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+from django.contrib import admin
+
+# Register your models here.

article/apps.py

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+from django.apps import AppConfig
+
+
+class ArticleConfig(AppConfig):
+    name = 'article'

article/migrations/0001_initial.py

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+# Generated by Django 2.1 on 2018-08-24 16:13
+
+from django.conf import settings
+from django.db import migrations, models
+import django.db.models.deletion
+import django.utils.timezone
+
+
+class Migration(migrations.Migration):
+
+    initial = True
+
+    dependencies = [
+        migrations.swappable_dependency(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL),
+    ]
+
+    operations = [
+        migrations.CreateModel(
+            name='Article',
+            fields=[
+                ('id', models.AutoField(auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name='ID')),
+                ('title', models.CharField(max_length=100)),
+                ('body', models.TextField()),
+                ('created', models.DateTimeField(default=django.utils.timezone.now)),
+                ('updated', models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)),
+                ('author', models.ForeignKey(on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, to=settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL)),
+            ],
+            options={
+                'ordering': ('-created',),
+            },
+        ),
+    ]

article/models.py

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+from django.db import models
+
+# Django本身具有一个简单又完整的账号系统（User），足以满足一般网站的账号申请、建立、权限、群组等基本功能
+# 因此这里导入内建的User模型，以便使用。
+from django.contrib.auth.models import User
+# timezone 用于处理时间相关事务。
+from django.utils import timezone
+
+# Django中所有的模型(Model)都必须继承django.db.models.Model模型，即顶部的导入
+# 建立博客文章类 class Article，处理与文章有关的数据，它包含需要的字段和保存数据的行为
+class Article(models.Model):
+
+    # 定义文章作者。 author 通过 models.ForeignKey 外键与内建的 User 模型关联在一起
+    # 参数 on_delete 用于指定数据删除的方式，避免两个关联表的数据不一致。通常设置为 CASCADE 级联删除就可以了
+    author = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
+
+    # 文章标题。
+    # models.CharField 为字符串字段，用于保存较短的字符串，比如标题
+    # CharField 有一个必填参数 max_length，它规定字符的最大长度
+    title = models.CharField(max_length=100)
+
+    # 文章正文。
+    # 保存大量文本使用 TextField
+    body = models.TextField()
+
+    # 文章创建时间。 
+    # DateTimeField 为一个日期字段
+    # 参数 default=timezone.now 指定其在创建数据时将默认写入当前的时间
+    created = models.DateTimeField(default=timezone.now)
+
+    # 文章更新时间。
+    # 参数 auto_now=True 指定每次数据更新时自动写入当前时间
+    updated = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)
+
+    # 内部类 class Meta 用于给 model 定义元数据
+    # 元数据：不是一个字段的任何数据
+    class Meta:
+    	# ordering 指定模型返回的数据的排列顺序
+    	# '-created' 表明数据应该以倒序排列
+        ordering = ('-created',)
+
+    # 函数 __str__ 定义当调用对象的 str() 方法时的返回值内容
+    # 它最常见的就是在Django管理后台中做为对象的显示值。因此应该总是为 __str__ 返回一个友好易读的字符串
+    def __str__(self):
+    	# return self.title 将文章标题返回
+        return self.title

article/tests.py

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+from django.test import TestCase
+
+# Create your tests here.

article/urls.py

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# 引入path
+from django.urls import path
+
+# 正在部署的应用的名称
+app_name = 'article'
+
+urlpatterns = [
+    # 目前还没有urls
+]
+

article/views.py

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+from django.shortcuts import render
+
+# Create your views here.

manage.py

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+import os
+import sys
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'my_blog.settings')
+    try:
+        from django.core.management import execute_from_command_line
+    except ImportError as exc:
+        raise ImportError(
+            "Couldn't import Django. Are you sure it's installed and "
+            "available on your PYTHONPATH environment variable? Did you "
+            "forget to activate a virtual environment?"
+        ) from exc
+    execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)

my_blog/settings.py

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+"""
+Django settings for my_blog project.
+
+Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 2.1.
+
+For more information on this file, see
+https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/topics/settings/
+
+For the full list of settings and their values, see
+https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/ref/settings/
+"""
+
+import os
+
+# Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)
+BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
+
+
+# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
+# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/howto/deployment/checklist/
+
+# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
+SECRET_KEY = '__=s9@oixaun$x^g7-4#10wf_*7zvb8)kl1$j82fj&cyq%^o^3'
+
+# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
+DEBUG = True
+
+ALLOWED_HOSTS = []
+
+
+# Application definition
+
+INSTALLED_APPS = [
+    'django.contrib.admin',
+    'django.contrib.auth',
+    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
+    'django.contrib.sessions',
+    'django.contrib.messages',
+    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
+
+    'article',
+]
+
+MIDDLEWARE = [
+    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
+    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
+    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
+    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
+    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
+    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
+    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
+]
+
+ROOT_URLCONF = 'my_blog.urls'
+
+TEMPLATES = [
+    {
+        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
+        'DIRS': [],
+        'APP_DIRS': True,
+        'OPTIONS': {
+            'context_processors': [
+                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
+                'django.template.context_processors.request',
+                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
+                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
+            ],
+        },
+    },
+]
+
+WSGI_APPLICATION = 'my_blog.wsgi.application'
+
+
+# Database
+# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/ref/settings/#databases
+
+DATABASES = {
+    'default': {
+        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
+        'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),
+    }
+}
+
+
+# Password validation
+# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators
+
+AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
+    {
+        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
+    },
+    {
+        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
+    },
+    {
+        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
+    },
+    {
+        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
+    },
+]
+
+
+# Internationalization
+# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/topics/i18n/
+
+LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'
+
+TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'
+
+USE_I18N = True
+
+USE_L10N = True
+
+USE_TZ = True
+
+
+# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
+# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/howto/static-files/
+
+STATIC_URL = '/static/'

my_blog/urls.py

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+"""my_blog URL Configuration
+
+The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
+    https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/topics/http/urls/
+Examples:
+Function views
+    1. Add an import:  from my_app import views
+    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('', views.home, name='home')
+Class-based views
+    1. Add an import:  from other_app.views import Home
+    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('', Home.as_view(), name='home')
+Including another URLconf
+    1. Import the include() function: from django.urls import include, path
+    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('blog/', include('blog.urls'))
+"""
+from django.contrib import admin
+# 记得引入include
+from django.urls import path, include
+
+# 存放了映射关系的列表
+urlpatterns = [
+    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
+
+    # 新增代码，配置app的url
+    path('article/', include('article.urls', namespace='article')),
+]

my_blog/wsgi.py

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+"""
+WSGI config for my_blog project.
+
+It exposes the WSGI callable as a module-level variable named ``application``.
+
+For more information on this file, see
+https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/howto/deployment/wsgi/
+"""
+
+import os
+
+from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application
+
+os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'my_blog.settings')
+
+application = get_wsgi_application()