Logging API accepts optional Context with priority over trace_id etc, and LoggingHandler passes current Context

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -32,6 +32,8 @@ and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0
   ([#4599](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-python/pull/4599))
 - Drop support for Python 3.8
   ([#4520](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-python/pull/4520))
+- Logging API accepts optional `context`; deprecates `trace_id`, `span_id`, `trace_flags`.
+  ([#4597](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-python/pull/4597))
 
 ## Version 1.33.0/0.54b0 (2025-05-09)
 

opentelemetry-api/src/opentelemetry/_logs/_internal/__init__.py

@@ -37,9 +37,12 @@
 from logging import getLogger
 from os import environ
 from time import time_ns
-from typing import Optional, cast
+from typing import Optional, cast, overload
+
+from typing_extensions import deprecated
 
 from opentelemetry._logs.severity import SeverityNumber
+from opentelemetry.context.context import Context
 from opentelemetry.environment_variables import _OTEL_PYTHON_LOGGER_PROVIDER
 from opentelemetry.trace.span import TraceFlags
 from opentelemetry.util._once import Once
@@ -57,8 +60,26 @@ class LogRecord(ABC):
     pertinent to the event being logged.
     """
 
+    @overload
     def __init__(
         self,
+        *,
+        timestamp: Optional[int] = None,
+        observed_timestamp: Optional[int] = None,
+        context: Optional[Context] = None,
+        severity_text: Optional[str] = None,
+        severity_number: Optional[SeverityNumber] = None,
+        body: AnyValue = None,
+        attributes: Optional[_ExtendedAttributes] = None,
+    ) -> None: ...
+
+    @overload
+    @deprecated(
+        "LogRecord init with `trace_id`, `span_id`, and/or `trace_flags` is deprecated. Use `context` instead."
+    )
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
         timestamp: Optional[int] = None,
         observed_timestamp: Optional[int] = None,
         trace_id: Optional[int] = None,
@@ -68,11 +89,27 @@ def __init__(
         severity_number: Optional[SeverityNumber] = None,
         body: AnyValue = None,
         attributes: Optional[_ExtendedAttributes] = None,
-    ):
+    ) -> None: ...
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        timestamp: Optional[int] = None,
+        observed_timestamp: Optional[int] = None,
+        context: Optional[Context] = None,
+        trace_id: Optional[int] = None,
+        span_id: Optional[int] = None,
+        trace_flags: Optional["TraceFlags"] = None,
+        severity_text: Optional[str] = None,
+        severity_number: Optional[SeverityNumber] = None,
+        body: AnyValue = None,
+        attributes: Optional[_ExtendedAttributes] = None,
+    ) -> None:
         self.timestamp = timestamp
         if observed_timestamp is None:
             observed_timestamp = time_ns()
         self.observed_timestamp = observed_timestamp
+        self.context = context
         self.trace_id = trace_id
         self.span_id = span_id
         self.trace_flags = trace_flags

opentelemetry-sdk/src/opentelemetry/sdk/_logs/_internal/__init__.py

@@ -24,7 +24,9 @@
 from os import environ
 from threading import Lock
 from time import time_ns
-from typing import Any, Callable, Tuple, Union, cast  # noqa
+from typing import Any, Callable, Tuple, Union, cast, overload  # noqa
+
+from typing_extensions import deprecated
 
 from opentelemetry._logs import Logger as APILogger
 from opentelemetry._logs import LoggerProvider as APILoggerProvider
@@ -37,6 +39,8 @@
     std_to_otel,
 )
 from opentelemetry.attributes import _VALID_ANY_VALUE_TYPES, BoundedAttributes
+from opentelemetry.context import get_current
+from opentelemetry.context.context import Context
 from opentelemetry.sdk.environment_variables import (
     OTEL_ATTRIBUTE_COUNT_LIMIT,
     OTEL_ATTRIBUTE_VALUE_LENGTH_LIMIT,
@@ -172,6 +176,24 @@ class LogRecord(APILogRecord):
     pertinent to the event being logged.
     """
 
+    @overload
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        timestamp: int | None = None,
+        observed_timestamp: int | None = None,
+        context: Context | None = None,
+        severity_text: str | None = None,
+        severity_number: SeverityNumber | None = None,
+        body: AnyValue | None = None,
+        resource: Resource | None = None,
+        attributes: _ExtendedAttributes | None = None,
+        limits: LogLimits | None = _UnsetLogLimits,
+    ): ...
+
+    @overload
+    @deprecated(
+        "LogRecord init with `trace_id`, `span_id`, and/or `trace_flags` is deprecated. Use `context` instead."
+    )
     def __init__(
         self,
         timestamp: int | None = None,
@@ -185,11 +207,39 @@ def __init__(
         resource: Resource | None = None,
         attributes: _ExtendedAttributes | None = None,
         limits: LogLimits | None = _UnsetLogLimits,
+    ): ...
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        timestamp: int | None = None,
+        observed_timestamp: int | None = None,
+        context: Context | None = None,
+        trace_id: int | None = None,
+        span_id: int | None = None,
+        trace_flags: TraceFlags | None = None,
+        severity_text: str | None = None,
+        severity_number: SeverityNumber | None = None,
+        body: AnyValue | None = None,
+        resource: Resource | None = None,
+        attributes: _ExtendedAttributes | None = None,
+        limits: LogLimits | None = _UnsetLogLimits,
     ):
+        if not context:
+            context = get_current()
+
+        if context is not None:
+            span = get_current_span(context)
+            span_context = span.get_span_context()
+            if span_context.is_valid:
+                trace_id = span_context.trace_id
+                span_id = span_context.span_id
+                trace_flags = span_context.trace_flags
+
         super().__init__(
             **{
                 "timestamp": timestamp,
                 "observed_timestamp": observed_timestamp,
+                "context": context,
                 "trace_id": trace_id,
                 "span_id": span_id,
                 "trace_flags": trace_flags,

opentelemetry-sdk/tests/logs/test_handler.py

@@ -29,7 +29,10 @@
 )
 from opentelemetry.semconv._incubating.attributes import code_attributes
 from opentelemetry.semconv.attributes import exception_attributes
-from opentelemetry.trace import INVALID_SPAN_CONTEXT
+from opentelemetry.trace import (
+    INVALID_SPAN_CONTEXT,
+    set_span_in_context,
+)
 
 
 class TestLoggingHandler(unittest.TestCase):
@@ -269,6 +272,37 @@ def __str__(self):
     def test_log_record_trace_correlation(self):
         processor, logger = set_up_test_logging(logging.WARNING)
 
+        tracer = trace.TracerProvider().get_tracer(__name__)
+        with tracer.start_as_current_span("test") as span:
+            mock_context = set_span_in_context(span)
+
+            with patch(
+                "opentelemetry.sdk._logs._internal.get_current",
+                return_value=mock_context,
+            ):
+                with self.assertLogs(level=logging.CRITICAL):
+                    logger.critical("Critical message within span")
+
+                log_record = processor.get_log_record(0)
+
+                self.assertEqual(
+                    log_record.body, "Critical message within span"
+                )
+                self.assertEqual(log_record.severity_text, "CRITICAL")
+                self.assertEqual(
+                    log_record.severity_number, SeverityNumber.FATAL
+                )
+                self.assertEqual(log_record.context, mock_context)
+                span_context = span.get_span_context()
+                self.assertEqual(log_record.trace_id, span_context.trace_id)
+                self.assertEqual(log_record.span_id, span_context.span_id)
+                self.assertEqual(
+                    log_record.trace_flags, span_context.trace_flags
+                )
+
+    def test_log_record_trace_correlation_deprecated(self):
+        processor, logger = set_up_test_logging(logging.WARNING)
+
         tracer = trace.TracerProvider().get_tracer(__name__)
         with tracer.start_as_current_span("test") as span:
             with self.assertLogs(level=logging.CRITICAL):