docs(manager/dockerfile): Document supported dependencies for Dockerfile manager

[malmor]

Changes

This pull requests adds a Supported dependencies section to the Dockerfile manager documentation.

Context

The Dockerfile manager supports many different types of dependencies out of the box. This pull requests adds them to the documentation. I tested the different types of updates (FROM, COPY --from, syntax) and ensured they actually work as expected.

This pull request also fixes a small code highlighting issue in the Flux manager documentation (' was being used instead of ` for two of the resources).

Closes #29872

Documentation (please check one with an [x])

• I have updated the documentation, or
• No documentation update is required

How I've tested my work (please select one)

I have verified these changes via:

• Code inspection only, or
• Newly added/modified unit tests, or
• No unit tests but ran on a real repository, or
• Both unit tests + ran on a real repository

[HonkingGoose]

Changes:

• Use a plain list.
• One sentence per line.
• Rewrite to shorten sentences, and use simpler words.

Good catch on the bad code styling in the other docs page!

[renovate-release]

🎉 This PR is included in version 38.142.6 🎉

The release is available on:

• GitHub release
• npm package (@latest dist-tag)
• 38.142.6

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