feat: add antlr grammar for types (#730)

grammar/SubstraitLexer.g4

@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+lexer grammar SubstraitLexer;
+
+options {
+    caseInsensitive = true;
+}
+
+// Whitespace and comment handling
+LineComment   : '//' ~[\r\n]* -> channel(HIDDEN) ;
+BlockComment  : ( '/*' ( ~'*' | '*'+ ~[*/] ) '*'* '*/' ) -> channel(HIDDEN) ;
+Whitespace    : [ \t\r]+ -> channel(HIDDEN) ;
+
+fragment DIGIT: [0-9];
+
+// Syntactic keywords.
+If       : 'IF';
+Then     : 'THEN';
+Else     : 'ELSE';
+
+// TYPES
+Boolean  : 'BOOLEAN';
+I8       : 'I8';
+I16      : 'I16';
+I32      : 'I32';
+I64      : 'I64';
+FP32     : 'FP32';
+FP64     : 'FP64';
+String   : 'STRING';
+Binary   : 'BINARY';
+Timestamp: 'TIMESTAMP';
+Timestamp_TZ: 'TIMESTAMP_TZ';
+Date     : 'DATE';
+Time     : 'TIME';
+Interval_Year: 'INTERVAL_YEAR';
+Interval_Day: 'INTERVAL_DAY';
+UUID     : 'UUID';
+Decimal  : 'DECIMAL';
+Precision_Timestamp: 'PRECISION_TIMESTAMP';
+Precision_Timestamp_TZ: 'PRECISION_TIMESTAMP_TZ';
+FixedChar: 'FIXEDCHAR';
+VarChar  : 'VARCHAR';
+FixedBinary: 'FIXEDBINARY';
+Struct   : 'STRUCT';
+NStruct  : 'NSTRUCT';
+List     : 'LIST';
+Map      : 'MAP';
+UserDefined: 'U!';
+
+// short names for types
+Bool: 'BOOL';
+Str: 'STR';
+VBin: 'VBIN';
+Ts: 'TS';
+TsTZ: 'TSTZ';
+IYear: 'IYEAR';
+IDay: 'IDAY';
+Dec: 'DEC';
+PTs: 'PTS';
+PTsTZ: 'PTSTZ';
+FChar: 'FCHAR';
+VChar: 'VCHAR';
+FBin: 'FBIN';
+
+Any: 'ANY';
+AnyVar: Any [0-9];
+
+DoubleColon: '::';
+
+// MATH
+Plus            : '+';
+Minus           : '-';
+Asterisk        : '*';
+ForwardSlash    : '/';
+Percent         : '%';
+
+// COMPARE
+Eq       : '=';
+Ne       : '!=';
+Gte      : '>=';
+Lte      : '<=';
+Gt       : '>';
+Lt       : '<';
+Bang     : '!';
+
+// ORGANIZE
+OAngleBracket: Lt;
+CAngleBracket: Gt;
+OParen: '(';
+CParen: ')';
+OBracket: '[';
+CBracket: ']';
+Comma: ',';
+Colon: ':';
+QMark: '?';
+Hash: '#';
+Dot: '.';
+
+
+// OPERATIONS
+And      : 'AND';
+Or       : 'OR';
+Assign   : ':=';
+
+
+
+fragment Int
+  : '1'..'9' Digit*
+  | '0'
+  ;
+
+fragment Digit
+  : '0'..'9'
+  ;
+
+Number
+  : '-'? Int
+  ;
+
+Identifier
+  : ('A'..'Z' | '_' | '$') ('A'..'Z' | '_' | '$' | Digit)*
+  ;
+
+Newline
+  : ( '\r' '\n'?
+    | '\n'
+    )
+  ;

grammar/SubstraitType.g4

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+grammar SubstraitType;
+
+options {
+    caseInsensitive = true;
+}
+
+import SubstraitLexer;
+
+startRule: expr EOF;
+
+typeStatement: typeDef EOF;
+
+scalarType
+  : Boolean                 #boolean
+  | I8                      #i8
+  | I16                     #i16
+  | I32                     #i32
+  | I64                     #i64
+  | FP32                    #fp32
+  | FP64                    #fp64
+  | String                  #string
+  | Binary                  #binary
+  | Timestamp               #timestamp
+  | Timestamp_TZ            #timestampTz
+  | Date                    #date
+  | Time                    #time
+  | Interval_Year           #intervalYear
+  | UUID                    #uuid
+  ;
+
+parameterizedType
+  : FixedChar isnull=QMark? Lt length=numericParameter Gt                                   #fixedChar
+  | VarChar isnull=QMark? Lt length=numericParameter Gt                                     #varChar
+  | FixedBinary isnull=QMark? Lt length=numericParameter Gt                                 #fixedBinary
+  | Decimal isnull=QMark? Lt precision=numericParameter Comma scale=numericParameter Gt     #decimal
+  | Interval_Day isnull=QMark? Lt precision=numericParameter Gt                             #precisionIntervalDay
+  | Precision_Timestamp isnull=QMark? Lt precision=numericParameter Gt                      #precisionTimestamp
+  | Precision_Timestamp_TZ isnull=QMark? Lt precision=numericParameter Gt                   #precisionTimestampTZ
+  | Struct isnull=QMark? Lt expr (Comma expr)* Gt                                           #struct
+  | NStruct isnull=QMark? Lt Identifier expr (Comma Identifier expr)* Gt                    #nStruct
+  | List isnull=QMark? Lt expr Gt                                                           #list
+  | Map isnull=QMark? Lt key=expr Comma value=expr Gt                                       #map
+  | UserDefined Identifier isnull=QMark? (Lt expr (Comma expr)* Gt)?                        #userDefined
+  ;
+
+numericParameter
+  : Number              #numericLiteral
+  | Identifier          #numericParameterName
+  | expr                #numericExpression
+  ;
+
+anyType
+  : Any isnull=QMark?
+  | AnyVar isnull=QMark?
+  ;
+
+typeDef
+  : scalarType isnull=QMark?
+  | parameterizedType
+  | anyType
+  ;
+
+expr
+  : OParen expr CParen                                                                      #ParenExpression
+  | Identifier Eq expr Newline+ (Identifier Eq expr Newline+)* finalType=typeDef Newline*   #MultilineDefinition
+  | typeDef                                                                                 #TypeLiteral
+  | Number                                                                                  #LiteralNumber
+  | Identifier isnull=QMark?                                                                #ParameterName
+  | Identifier OParen (expr (Comma expr)*)? CParen                                          #FunctionCall
+  | left=expr op=(And | Or | Plus | Minus | Lt | Gt | Eq | Ne |
+        Lte | Gte | Asterisk | ForwardSlash) right=expr                                     #BinaryExpr
+  | If ifExpr=expr Then thenExpr=expr Else elseExpr=expr                                    #IfExpr
+  | (Bang) expr                                                                             #NotExpr
+  | ifExpr=expr QMark thenExpr=expr Colon elseExpr=expr                                     #Ternary
+  ;