Improve OS Support [C CI]

[TheMrSheldon]

Added support for the build settings listed below to the C/C++ CI. Items are checked off if we support them or if they are known to be incompatible.

• Ubuntu 20.04
• Ubuntu 24.04
• Windows 2019
• Windows 2022
• Windows 2025
• clang
  • macOS 13: setup-cpp fails to setup; this seems related.
  • macOS 14: setup-cpp fails to setup; this seems related.
  • macOS 15: Known issue with clang – wontfix
• gcc
  • macOS 13: Known issue with gcc and the GitHub macOS 13 runner – wontfix
  • macOS 14
    • gcc 13: Known issue with gcc
    • gcc >=14
  • macOS 15

Used the builds on ubuntu-20.04 to be released.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 78.36%. Comparing base (90a168c) to head (2f7526c).
Report is 22 commits behind head on master.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff            @@
##             master      #34   +/-   ##
=========================================
  Coverage     78.36%   78.36%           
  Complexity       20       20           
=========================================
  Files             3        3           
  Lines          1151     1151           
  Branches         53       53           
=========================================
  Hits            902      902           
  Misses          208      208           
  Partials         41       41           

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[janheinrichmerker]

Very nice changes! I think, the minor comments can be addressed/fixed easily

As discussed in the chat, we can merge this and create a new ticket to resolve this to release the new version.