LTSmin started out as a generic toolset for manipulating labelled transition systems. Meanwhile the toolset was extended to a a full (LTL/CTL) model checker, while maintaining its language-independent characteristics.
To obtain its input, LTSmin connects a sizeable number of existing (verification) tools: muCRL, mCRL2, DiVinE, SPIN (SpinS), UPPAAL (opaal), SCOOP and CADP. Moreover, it allows to reuse existing tools with new state space generation techniques by exporting LTSs into various formats.
Implementing support for a new language module is in the order of 200--600 lines of C "glue" code, and automatically yields tools for standard reachability checking (e.g., for state space generation and verification of safety properties), reachability with symbolic state storage (vector set), fully symbolic (BDD-based) reachability, distributed reachability (MPI-based), and multi-core reachability (including multi-core compression and incremental hashing).
The synergy effects in the LTSmin implementation are enabled by a clean interface: all LTSmin modules work with a unifying state representation of integer vectors of fixed size, and the PINS dependency matrix which exploits the combinatorial nature of model checking problems. This splits model checking tools into three mostly independent parts: language modules, PINS optimizations, and model checking algorithms.
On the other hand, the implementation of a verification algorithm based on the PINS matrix automatically has access to muCRL, mCRL2, DVE, PROMELA, SCOOP, UPPAAL xml and ETF language modules.
Finally, all tools benefit from PINS2PINS optimizations, like local transition caching (which speeds up slow state space generators), matrix regrouping (which can drastically reduce run-time and memory consumption of symbolic algorithms), partial order reduction and linear temporal logic.
- GNU/Linux (tested on Arch Linux, Ubuntu, Debian, OpenSuSE 11.2 and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6)
- MacOS X, version 10.10 "Yosemite"
- MacOS X, version 10.7 "Lion"
- MacOS X, version 10.6 "Snow Leopard" (no multi-core muCRL/mCRL2)
- MacOS X, version 10.5 "Leopard" (no multi-core muCRL/mCRL2)
- Cygwin/Windows (tested on Windows 7 with Cygwin 1.7)
For the use of the multi-core BDD package Sylvan and the multi-core
reachability algorithms (*2lts-mc
), we further recommend using a 64-bit OS.
If you are building the software from a Git repository rather than a release tarball, refer to Section "Building from a Git Repository" for additional set-up instructions. Then install the dependencies listed in Section "Build Dependencies" below.
# Unpack the tarball
$ tar xvzf ltsmin-<version>.tar.gz
$ cd ltsmin-<version>
# Configure
$ ./configure --disable-dependency-tracking --prefix /path/
It is a good idea to check the output of ./configure, to see whether all dependencies were found.
# Build
$ make
# Install
$ make install
You can also run tests with
# Run tests
$ make check
For one-shot builds, the following option speeds up the build process by not recording dependencies:
./configure --disable-dependency-tracking ...
Non-standard compilers, etc., can be configured by using variables:
./configure CFLAGS='-O3 -m64' MPICC=/sw/openmpi/1.2.8/bin/mpicc ...
This would add some options to the standard CFLAGS settings used for building, to enable more optimizations and force a 64-bit build (for the GCC C compiler). Furthermore, the MPI compiler wrapper is set explicitly instead of searching it in the current shell PATH.
Note that libraries installed in non-standard places need special attention: to be picked up by the configure script, library and header search paths must be added, e.g.:
./configure LDFLAGS=-L/opt/local/lib CPPFLAGS=-I/opt/local/include
Additional setting of (DY)LD_LIBRARY_PATH might be needed for the dynamic linker/loader (see, e.g., "man ld.so" or "man dyld").
See ./configure --help
for the list of available variables,
and file INSTALL for further details.
The following additional make targets are supported:
mostlyclean::
clean::
Clean the source tree.
doxygen-doc::
Builds Doxygen documentation for the source code.
We list the external libraries and tools which are required to build this software.
Download popt (>= 1.7) from http://rpm5.org/files/popt/. We tested with popt 1.14.
Download zlib from http://www.zlib.net/.
Download GNU make from http://www.gnu.org/software/make/.
Download Flex (>= 2.5.35) from http://flex.sourceforge.net/. We tested with flex 2.5.35.
Download Apache Ant from http://ant.apache.org/. We tested with ant 1.7.1. Note that ant is not required for building from a distribution tarball (unless Java files were modified). Note that we require JavaCC task support for Ant.
Download muCRL (>= 2.18.5) from http://www.cwi.nl/~mcrl/mutool.html. We tested with muCRL-2.18.5. Without muCRL, the AtermDD decision diagram package will not be built.
Note that for 64-bit builds, you have to explicitly configure muCRL for this (otherwise, a faulty version is silently build):
./configure --with-64bit
For best performance, we advise to configure muCRL like this:
./configure CC='gcc -O2' --with-64bit
Download the latest version of mCRL2 from http://www.mcrl2.org/.
Build and install mCRL2:
cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=...
make
make install
The graphical tools of mCRL2 are not required for ltsmin to work, hence you can also build mCRL2 without:
cmake . -DMCRL2_ENABLE_GUI_TOOLS=OFF -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=...
Note: to enable the PBES tools use the latest svn version of mCRL2.
See the CADP website http://www.inrialpes.fr/vasy/cadp/ on how to obtain a license and download the CADP toolkit.
For multi-core reachability on timed automata with the opaal frontend, install TBB malloc. Scalability can be limited without a concurrent allocator, hence the opaal2lts-mc frontend is not compiled in absence of TBB malloc. See http://threadingbuildingblocks.org/file.php?fid=77
Download version 2.4 of DiVinE from http://divine.fi.muni.cz/. We tested with the version 2.4. Apply the patch from <contrib/divine-2.4.patch> to the DiVinE source tree:
cd divine-2.4
patch -p1 < /path/to/ltsmin/contrib/divine-2.4.patch
Alternatively, download a LTSmin-enabled version of DiVinE via git:
git clone http://fmt.cs.utwente.nl/tools/scm/divine2.git
Build with:
cd divine2
mkdir _build && cd _build
cmake .. -DGUI=OFF -DRX_PATH= -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=... -DMURPHI=OFF
make
make install
On MacOS X, option -DHOARD=OFF might have to be added to the cmake command line to make it compile without errors.
Also, on MacOS X Divine2 only compiles with the GNU std C++ library.
Thus on MacOS X one has to provide the option -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS="-stdlib=libstdc++"
The LTSmin configure script will find the DiVinE installation automatically, if the divine binary is in the search path.
With suitable options, the divine compile
DVE compiler produces
LTSmin compatible libraries:
divine compile -l model.dve
This produces a file model.dve2C
, which can also be passed to
LTSmin tools. (This step is done automatically by the LTSmin tools
when passing in a .dve
model, doing it manually is rarely needed.)
####Scoop
See the scoop/README file.
####SpinS / Promela
Use SpinS (distributed as submodule LTSmin) to compile PROMELA model
leader.pm
to 'leader.pm.spins':
spins -o3 leader.pm
The optional flag +-o3+ turns off control flow optimizations.
The resulting compiled SpinS module can be loaded by all SpinS-related LTSmin tools (prom*).
Download opaal from https://code.launchpad.net/~opaal-developers/opaal/opaal-ltsmin-succgen. Follow the included installation instructions.
UPPAAL xml models can be compiled to PINS binaries (.xml.so) using the included opaal_ltsmin script.
opaal_ltsmin --only-compile model.xml
The multcore LTSmin tool can explore the model (opaal2lts-mc). Provide the
TBB allocator location at load run time for good performance:
LD_PRELOAD=/usr/lib/libjemalloc.so.1 opaal2lts-mc <model.xml.so>
Download libDDD (>= 1.7) from http://move.lip6.fr/software/DDD/. We tested with libDDD 1.7.
In principle, any MPI library which supports MPI-IO should work.
However, we tested only with Open MPI http://www.open-mpi.org/.
Without MPI, the distributed tools (xxx2lts-mpi
, ltsmin-mpi
) will
not be built.
Download AsciiDoc (>= 8.4.4) from http://www.methods.co.nz/asciidoc/. We tested with asciidoc-8.4.4. Without asciidoc, documentation cannot be rebuilt. For convenience, release tarballs are shipping with pre-built man pages and HTML documentation.
Download xmlto from http://cyberelk.net/tim/software/xmlto/. We tested with xmlto-0.0.18. Without xmlto, man pages cannot be rebuilt. Note that xmlto in turn requires docbook-xsl to be installed. We tested with docbook-xsl-1.76.1.
Download Doxygen from http://www.doxygen.org/. We tested with doxygen-1.5.5. Without doxygen, internal source code documentation cannot be generated.
For cross-compilation builds on MacOS X, the Apple Developer SDKs must be installed. They are available from Apple http://developer.apple.com/tools/download/, or from the MacOS X installation CDs.
Before building the software as described above, the following commands have to be executed in the top-level source directory:
$ git submodule update --init
$ ./ltsminreconf
Building from another source than the release tarball requires some extra tools to be installed:
Download automake (>= 1.10) from http://www.gnu.org/software/automake/. We tested with automake-1.10.
Download autoconf (>= 2.60) from http://www.gnu.org/software/autoconf/. We tested with autoconf-2.68.
Download libtool (>= 2.2.6) from http://www.gnu.org/software/libtool/. We tested with libtool-2.4.
See above.
- For support/questions, email: ltsmin-support@lists.utwente.nl.
- For bug reports and feature suggestions, visit: https://github.com/utwente-fmt/ltsmin/issues.
- And subscribe to our mailing list: ltsmin-users-subscribe-request@lists.utwente.nl.