fs: deprecate never throw behaviour in fs.existsSync

[Ceres6]

This PR attempts to deprecate the behaviour of returning false on argument validation in fs.existsSync

cc @joyeecheung @BridgeAR

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 87.96%. Comparing base (fb8de03) to head (2cedeac).
Report is 15 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main   #55753   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   87.95%   87.96%           
=======================================
  Files         656      656           
  Lines      188304   188373   +69     
  Branches    35967    35982   +15     
=======================================
+ Hits       165630   165702   +72     
+ Misses      15840    15839    -1     
+ Partials     6834     6832    -2     

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
lib/fs.js	93.35% <100.00%> (+<0.01%)	⬆️

... and 35 files with indirect coverage changes

[aduh95]

This needs a rebase now that #55892 landed

[Ceres6]

@aduh95 rebased